植物生長調節劑誘發無子巨峰葡萄之研究

Studies on the Induction of Parthenocarpic Kyoho Grape by Gibberellin Acid and 4-chiorophenoxyacetic Acid

歐錫坤(Shyi-Kuan Ou)

《中華農業研究》 34卷1期 (1985/03) Pp. 33-44

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.198503.0004

摘要

巨峰葡萄於盛花前將花穗浸漬12.5~100ppm等不同濃度的GA(Gibberellic acid)，可誘發85.3%的無子漿果。GA處理對果粒重（約6.9g）與小果梗長度之影響較其他值物生長調節劑爲大。盛花後10天再浸以GA 25ppm更可明顯地促進果實肥大。
施用12.5~50ppm等不同濃度的4-CPA(4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid)可誘發98.4%的無子漿果，但果穗聚密，果粒輕（約3.6g），皺縮果發生率22.2%。
當花穗浸漬等濃度的GA與4-CPA混合液(12.5~50ppm)，幾乎可誘發100%的無子發生率。無子漿果含糖量最高20.9°Brix，皺縮果發生率也高達27.9%，但無子漿果之風味勝過正常有子巨峰葡萄。
在開花枝條巨著生從4至10葉片等不同生育時期行浸藥處理，發現葉片數愈多，則果粒愈重，糖度也愈高。花穗浸藥前先行疏花處理，其果粒大小與糖度均較不疏花處理者爲高，尤其干均粒重可增加44.4%。
果穗重與果實其他性狀間之相關性爲：果穗與梗重、粒重與有子漿果數成正相關；與糖度、皺縮果成負相關。
先將花穗下方3~4個副穗梗及穗軸尖端剪除，然後於盛花前葉片開展至9~10片時，以各含18.8ppm的GA與4-CPA的混合液浸漬花穗，盛花後10天以GA 25ppm第二次行浸漬處理之方法，可以誘發最佳無子漿果。

並列摘要

”Kyoho” grape clusters at pre-bloom stage dipped in GA solution concentrated from 12.5-100ppm could be induced to produce seedless berries at an average rate of 85.3%. The treatment gave a greater effect on increasing berry weight (ca. 6.9g) and pedicel length than any other treatments did. Effect on increasing berry weight was more significant when an additional dip with 25ppm of GA was added at 10days after full bloom.
Application of 4-CPA in a range of 12.5-50ppm also induced seedless berry at a rate of 98.4% however it resulted in a compact clustes, small berries (ca. 3.7g) and shrunken berries (ca. 22.2%).
When clusters were treated with mixed GA and 4-CPA in the mentioned concentrations, seedless berries were induced at the rate of almost 100%. The soluble solid content of these berries was as high as 20.9° Brix and shrunken berries occurred at a rate of 27.9%, however seedless berries tasted much better than normal Kyoho berries.
The optimum time of dipping treatment would be indexed by the developed leaves on a bearing shoot. When cluster was dipped at the stages with 4-10 leaves, it was found that the more leaves on a shoot, the larger berries with higher sugar content obtained. Thinning flower cluster before dipping increased both berry size and sugar content largely than without thinning.
Correlation studies among cluster weight and other fruit characteristics indicated a positive corrleation between the cluster weight and the peduncle, berry size and the number of seeded berries, whereas negative correlation were shown between the cluster weight, and the soluble solids content as well as shrunken berries.
The best treatment for inducing seedless ”Kyoho” grape was found to be first thinning out the lower three to four branches in the flower cluster and removing the apex of rachis, then dipping the cluster with GA and 4-CPA mix, both at 18.8ppm, at pre-bloom stage when 9-10 leaves developed on shoot and dipping with 25ppm of GA 10 days after full-bloom again.