Interactions between Biotypes of the Brown Planthopper and Rice Varieties

褐飛蝨生物小種與抗蟲稻種之相互作用

鄭清煥(Ching-Huan Cheng)

《中華農業研究》 34卷3期 (1985/09) Pp. 299-314

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.198509.0007

摘要

褐飛蝨爲本省水稻重要害蟲，栽植抗蟲品種爲一經濟而有效抑制木害蟲的方法。然而當一種抗蟲品種被連續大面積地栽培，可能引起有害生物小種之產生，而危害抗蟲品種。本研究在觀察於室內培育而成之褐飛蝨的四種生物小種在含有不同抗蟲遺傳因子稻種上的行爲反應，遺傳以及尋求可能抑制生物小種演化之有效途徑。結果顯示，由一種抗蟲品種汰選而得之生物小種在與該抗蟲品種含有相同抗蟲遺傳因子之所有品種上的行爲或生理反應，如同其存活於感蟲品種。由含有抗生性較強之抗蟲品種所汰選而得之生物小種，其危害性亦較由抗生性較弱者汰選所得之生物小種爲強。切片檢查各生物小種在各抗蟲品種之取食部位，顯示各種水稻並無明顯的機械障礙可阻止各生物小種由維管束取食。然而若將各生物小種強迫於其不適當的稻種上取食，則顯不安並經常更換取食部位，且減少其取食量，進而影響其存活與繁殖。
探討有害生物小種可存活於抗蟲品種的遺傳行爲，顯示係受數量因子所支配，顯性因子效應爲控制生物小種不能在抗蟲品種存活之主要因素。木研究亦證明使用輪植或混植含有不同抗蟲因子之稻種可有效地減緩有害生物小種之演化。

並列摘要

Behaviors of four biotypes of the brown planthopper on rice varieties with different resistance genes were investigated. Results showed that the behavioral and physiological responses of a biotype to rice varieties having the same resistance gene on which the biotype was developed, in general, resemble the response to susceptible varieties. The biotypes developed from the varieties with a stronger antibiotic factor to the insect showed more virulent to different vane-ties than those from a weaker one. Histological studies of the feeding sites in the tissues of resistant varieties revealed that no mechanical barrier to the insect's feeding involved. However, any biotype put on unsuitable host plants showed restless and changed their feeding sites frequently, and fed less from resistant varieties.
Genetic studies on the ability of biotypes to survive on resistant varieties showed that the virulence of biotype was controlled by polygenes, and dominance effects were the most important factor in determining the inability of biotype to survive on resistant varieties. A simulated study indicated that rotation and mixed planting of plants with different resistance genes will be effective in lowing the rate of development of virulent biotypes.

並列關鍵字

Brown planthopper ； Resistant variety ； Biotype