以氣孔長度早期鑑定水稻花藥培養小株之倍數性

Ploidy Identification of Rice Plantlets Derived from Anther Culture by Stomatal Size

陳治官(C. G. Chern) ； 陳駿季(J. J. Chen) ； 黃眞生(C. S. Huang)

《中華農業研究》 35卷1期 (1986/03) Pp. 37-44

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.198603.0004

摘要

爲辨別花藥培養第一代(AC1S0)幼株的倍數性，以便早期行染色體倍加處理，取兩個水稻雜交組合之F1，經花藥培養後所得AC1S0幼苗，以丙醯氛快速印模展開葉下表面，並觀察測量氣孔保衛細胞之長度。觀察氣孔的長度總共有16.86至31.36μm之變域，平均長度爲22.64μm。然後以印模氣孔長度與AC1S0成株之倍數性相對照，發現單倍體株的氣孔長度有16.86至28.44μm之變域，平均爲20.22μm，雙倍體有17.67至31.36μm之變域，平均爲26.17μm，兩者差異極顯著，證實以剛移出試管硬化後的AC1S0小株的氣孔保衛細胞長度，可以簡便而有效地辨出小株的倍數性，使單倍體小株可於早期倍加處理，以提高其在育種日的效率。

並列摘要

Stomatal size or guard cell length of the lower leaf surface of young rice plantlets derived from anther culture was investigated by the cyanoacrylate impression method. Plantlets from two japonica rice hybrids that received anther culture were used. The guard cell length of their AC1S0 plantlets as a whole ranged from 16.86μm to 31.361μm with a mean of 22.64μm before the identification of ploidy. Highly significant difference in stomatal size was detected between haploid and diploid plantlets classified accroding to the morphological characteristics of adult plants in the paddy field. Stomatal size of young haploid plantlets varied from 16.86μm to 28.44μm with a mean of 20.18μm and those of diploids from 17.67μm to 31.36im with a mean of 26.l7μm. The results support the possibility of identifying the haploid plantlets from anther culture by this method and of doubling their chromosome number to obtain dihaploid for advancing rapidly the breeding cycle.