氣溫與降雨量對本省主要椪柑產區之果實品質與柑樹營養狀況之影響

Influence of Temperature and Precipitation Onfruit Qulity and Leaf Nutrients Content of Ponkan (Citrus reticulata, Bla Nco) from Major Ponkan Production Areas in Taiwan

張淑賢(Su-San Chang) ； 李峰憲(Fong-Shen Lee) ； 吳婉麗(Wang-Lih Wu)

《中華農業研究》 36卷1期 (1987/03) Pp. 75-86

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.198703.0007

摘要

爲明瞭木省主要極柑產區之果實品質差異與果園營養狀況，乃於71年及72年調查新竹縣、卓蘭、東勢、嘉義縣及臺南縣等地果園計約80處，於8月中旬至9月上旬間採取當年生春梢無結果枝第三葉，分析其要素含量，並採土分析理化性。於果實成熟期按東西南北方位於樹冠外圍採取平均大小之果實，計32果，按方位分析其品質。關於果園營養狀況將另文報告，本篇僅檢討不同緯度果園之椪柑品質差異及年度問葉片要素含量差異與氣溫、降雨量之關係。另採果時期、果型大小及著生方位對品質之影響，亦加討論。其結果摘述如下。
（一）由青皮柑與採果適期之果實品質相較司知，果實成熟後期30天內，每果重增加25-40g，果皮率略增，糖度增加在1°Brix以內，酸度降低約40%。
（二）果型大小及著生方位均影響品質，同一果園小果之糖度、酸度、果肉率、果汁率均較大果爲高，但糖酸比較低（即較酸）。東、南向之果實常較西、北。向者酸度略低。
（三）果實糖酸度均由南部向新竹縣遠增，即愈北果實風味愈濃厚，糖度相差3°Brix。此與東勢及南部地區之月平均最高溫較卓蘭及新竹地區者高約1°-4℃有關。東勢與南部地區之氣溫較高，其春梢萌發與花期較後者早約1-2星期，採果期約早l個月，而酸度降低較速，糖分累積較少。
（四）71年之5月至8月間雨量豐富，利於氮磷之吸收，葉片氮磷含量較高而鉀含量較低，果實較大但糖酸度較低。而72年度6至8月間乾旱，使葉片氦磷含量較低而鉀含量較高，果實普偏較小而糖酸度較高。

並列摘要

The variation in fruit quality and leaf nutrients content of ponkan (Citrusreticulata,
Blanco) from 80 orchards distributed in major ponkan production area in Taiwan were investigated fortwo years (1982 and 1983). The 3rd leaves from non-fruiting spring flushes were taken in August or September for leaf analysis. Eight fruits taken from the same direction of the skirts ofeight trees (i. e., one fruit per tree) were grouped together for analysis of its quality. Mean value of the data of four directions represented the fruit quality. Mean value of data of four directions represented the fruit quality of orchard. The variation in fruit quality and nitrient content in leaf as related to climate were discussed. The effects of fruit size, time of sampling, and direction of sample taken on fruit quality were also discussed. The results are summarized bellow:
1. Within 30 days of the fruit maturation stage, a 25g to 40g increase in fruit weight,
less than 1°Brix increase in total soluble solid content (TSS), and 40% decrease in fruit accidity werefound.
2. Both the TSS and acidity in fruit increased but the TSS to acidity ratio decreased as the fruit size decreased. Fruit taket from southern or eastern side of the tree frequently had lower acidity than that from the other sides directions uually.
3. The difference in mean maximum temperature per month between Chiayi (in southern Taiwan) and Hsinchu (in northern Taiwan) was 1° to 4℃. The lower temperature in spring of Hsinchu and Cholan area resulted in two weeks delay in timing of spring flush and flowering and 30 days delay in fruit maturation as compared to those of Tungshi, Chiayi, and Tainan areas.
4. Larger, juicer fruits with lower suger content and lower acidity were found to correlate with The warmer and rainy summer time weather of southern Taiwan, while higher sugar and acid content were associated with The cooler weather of northern Taiwan.
5. Water stress 2ccurred from June 10th to August 10th, 1983 resulted in smaller fruit with higher sugar and acid content, lower leaf N and P but higher leaf K content as compared to those foundin 1982. From May to August, 1982, t ere were ample and evenly distributhed rainfall.