水稻不同齡期及品種對稻細菌性穀枯病菌之感病性

The Susceptibility of Rice Plants at Different Growth Stages and of 21 Commercial Rice Varieties to Pseudomonas glumae

簡錦忠(C. C. Chien) ； 張義璋(Y. C. Chang)

《中華農業研究》 36卷3期 (1987/09) Pp. 302-310

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.198709.0008

摘要

由Pseudomonas glumae引起之稻細菌性穀枯病，在本省第二期稻作比第一期作發病較爲嚴重，例如據1983年於南部地區調查結果，第二期稻作被害穗率最高達30%，罹病穗常呈聚集狀分佈；第一期稻作之被害穗率一般低於1%，罹病穗則呈零星散佈。稻種以濃度10^8 cfu/ml之P. glumae懸浮液接種後，病菌對稻種發芽並無影響，但可引起約98%之秧苗腐敗枯死。孕穗期稻以注射法接種上述濃度之懸浮液於劍葉葉鞘內側，使病原細菌直接與幼穗接觸，其葉鞘及幼穗皆被感染，而病變呈深褐色，同時期如以噴霧法接種，病原細菌並未感染葉鞘，但會引起60%以上之穀粒被感染而未能飽實。抽穗期稻以噴霧法接種上述濃度之病菌懸浮液，亦未見葉鞘病變之現象；稻穗對B24及01兩個菌株，在抽穗前4日至抽穗後2日期間，皆呈極感病；稻穗對B15及B23兩個菌株，在抽穗前4日至抽穗後4日期間，皆呈極感病。在田間種值21種水稻優良推廣品種，於抽穗前10日，以人工噴霧接種結果，顯示菌株間之病原性或稻品種間之感病性皆呈顯著差異。其中以菌株B89之病原性最強，其次爲B90及B43，而B88之病原性最弱。稻品種中以臺南6號最爲感病，其次爲新竹糯4號及臺東貿號，以高雄秈7號最爲抗病。由品種與菌株間之交感作用分析結果顯示，稻細菌性殼枯病菌似有不同病原型之存在。

並列摘要

The results showed that the pathogen did'nt affect the germination of rice seeds but caused seedlings to die about 98% when rice seeds were dipped in a water suspension of Pseudomonas glumae (10^8 cfu/ml) for 30 minutes prior to sowing. Rice plants inoculated with the suspension of P. glumac (10^8 cfu/ml) at booting stage by injection method, the panicles and sheaths of rice plants were all infected and discolored. However, the pathogen didn’t infect the sheaths but the panicles when rice plants were inoculated at either botting or heading stage by spraying method. It was estimated that more than 60% of unfull grains were recorded when rice plants inoculated at booting stage by spraying method. The rice was more susceptible to isolate B24 or 01 from 4 days before heading to 2 days after heading, and to isolate B15 or B23 from 4 days before heading to 4 days after heading if inoculation was made at heading stage.
Rice plants with a total of 21 commercial varieties were separately inoculated with 4 isolates of P. glumae for testing their susceptibilities to bacterial grain rot 10 days before heading. The results indicated that isolate B89 was the most virulent while the isolate B88 was the least. Among 21 rice varieties tested, Tainan 6 was the most susceptible variety which was reached 64.6% of the disease incidence, but Kaohsiung S. 7 was the most resistant variety, the disease incidence was averaged only 28.2%. Based on the significant interaction between rice varieties and pathogen isolates, the pathogen might exist differential strains in nature.