大粒型與小粒型落花生雜交F2族羣之遺傳率與性狀相關研究

Heritability and Correlation Based on the F2 Population from Two Crosses between Large-seeded Virginia Bunch Type and Small-seeded Spanish Type Peanuts

曹文隆(W. L. Tsaur) ； 楊金興(K. H. Yang) ； 盧煌勝(H. S. Lu)

《中華農業研究》 38卷2期 (1989/06) Pp. 191-200

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.198906.0004

摘要

本研究利用二個大粒型(Virginia Bunch type)與二個小粒型(Spanish type)落花生雜交組合之F2族羣及其四個親木爲材料，於臺中霧峰及雲林崙背進行田間試驗，估算莢果與籽粒性狀之遺傳率、基因型相關及外表型相關，藉以鑑定此二雜交組合提供選拔大粒、飽滿、豐產落花生新品系之可能潛力。試驗結果顯示：兩個F2族羣之成熟莢果數、成熟莢果重、飽滿籽粒重、莢果長、莢果寬及籽粒寬等性狀之平均值約略相近。U-5×Tainung 5比Tainan Sel.9×Nakate Yutaka有較高之成熟莢果數及成熟莢果重，與較少之飽滿籽粒數及籽粒長。兩個族羣於兩處試區之萊果與籽粒性狀之遺傳率估值介於0.22~0.97之間。遺傳率值在族羣間與試區間均稍有差異。莢果及籽粒性狀間之基因型相關與外表型相關，多數均爲顯著正相關。本研究結果推測：在大粒、飽滿、豐產落花生育種上，U-5×Tainung5及Tainan Sel.9×Nakate Yutaka二雜交組合均具選拔潛力，值得繼續分離與利用。

並列摘要

Two crosses between large-seeded Virginia Bunch type and small-seeded Spanish type peanuts were evaluated to determine the potential for selecting prominent cultivars. Heritabilities, phenotypic and genotypic correlations were determined for pod and seed traits at two locations. Two crosses had similar number of mature seed, weight of mature seed, weight of well-filled seed, pod length, pod width and seed width. Cross of U-5×Tainung 5 had higher number and weight of mature pod, and less number of well-filled seed and seed length than Tainan Sel. 9 ×Nakate Yataka. Heritability estimates for pod and seed traits were moderate to high over crosses and locations.
Most of pod and seed traits were significantly and positively correlated for both two crosses indicating that it is possible to select high-yielding lines with large and well-filled seed from these two populations.