千里達山藥之生產能力與品質分析研究

The Cultivation Techniques for Enhancing Productivity and Processing Quality of Yam (Dioscorea alata L.) Coconut-Lisbon

劉新裕(Sin-Yie Liu)

《中華農業研究》 38卷3期 (1989/09) Pp. 312-325

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.198909.0004

摘要

本研究以千里達山藥及其他三個對照品種（系）（巴西山藥、嘉義地方種及臺東地方種）爲材料，探討提升千里達山藥生產能力之栽培技術，並藉著主要營養成分分析，及外銷品質如粕度及色度測定，評估其在山藥內外銷利用上之發展潛能。
由試驗結果可知，千里達山藥之栽培地區應爲臺中到嘉義一帶，土質以富含有機質之砂質壤土較佳，化肥施量爲N:P2O5:K2O=90:60:60kg/ha，種植時期應不晚於每年四月，行株距爲100×30cm；綜合上述各栽培條件下之公頃產量可知，千里達山藥平均產量爲21.59t/ha，變域爲18.08-25.60t/ha。
千里達山藥由於在營養價值及加工利用兩方面具有如下之優點，所以將在山藥內外銷利用上扮演重要角色：皮部較薄，肉部之乾物率爲28.4%，塊莖乾肉產量爲5.2t/ha，其新鮮塊莖可食部分之營養成分除了具有粗蛋白質(1.69%)外，尚含多種礦物元素及所有可測之必需胺基酸，其中尤以leucine、valine、threonine及lysine之含量較高；在外銷加工品質方面，因千里達山藥塊莖於削皮後24小時內肉色有變黃現象，所以應於削皮後儘快進行加工處理，但其粕度則保持相當穩定，且高居所有參試山藥品種（系）之上。

並列摘要

Four yam genotypes, including Coconut-Lisbon and three check genotypes, i. e., Brazilian yam, Chiayi local yam and Taitung local yam, were tested for their growth responses to cultural practices and chemical composition of tubers was analysed. The purpose was to develop cultural techniques suitable for the production of variety Coco nut-Lisbon.
The results indicated that genotype Coconut-Lisbon could be cultivated on sandy loam rich in organic matter in the regions from Taichung to Chiayi. Fertilization rate of N:P2O5:K2O=90:60:60kg/ha, planting density of 30,000 plants/ha and planting date no later than April were recommended. Mean maximum tuber yield of 21.59t/ha was recorded with the above-mentioned cultural conditions.
Analyses of tuber chemical composition showed that genotype Coconut-Lisbon was high in contents of crude protein, many mineral elements and all essential amino acids. Two characters related to processing quality, i. e., changes in color and viscosity after peeling off the skin, were also superior to those of the other three genotypes. However, immediate processing of tubers was suggested to avoid browning of the products.
Based on the adaptability and yield and quality performance, Coconut-Lisbon was recommended as a superior yam variety for economic cultivation.