稻麴病發生生態與防治

Ecology of Rice False Smut Disease and Its Control

蔡武雄(W. H. Tsai) ； 簡錦忠(C. C. Chien) ； 黃杉芪(S. C. Hwang)

《中華農業研究》 39卷2期 (1990/06) Pp. 102-112

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.199006.0004

摘要

民國七十二年第二期作田間調查的結果，水稻稻麴病罹病叢率達14.8%，罹病穗率10.0%，一稻穗中稻麴數1~8個，其中以1個(64.7%)及2個(20.6%)最多。稻麴的分佈，主要集中在中段(52.7%)及下段(34.4%)，罹病穗之穗重顯著減輕。民國七十七年第二期作調查結果，罹病穗率最高爲12.5%，最低爲2.3%，每穗稻麴數平均最高爲2.7個，最低爲0.3個，病原菌厚膜胞子在無菌水及水瓊脂之發芽均以25℃爲最佳，其次爲30℃,再次爲20℃。在水瓊脂之發芽率高達95%，在無菌水中之發芽率亦高達93%。厚膜胞子發芽之酸鹼度爲4~9，最適在5~8之間。黃色稻麴厚膜胞子之發芽率高於黑色厚膜胞子，黃色者發芽率高達93%；黑色者僅6%，有時黑色厚膜胞子甚至不發芽。厚膜胞子發芽能力在室溫25~30℃下最低保持26天，最高保持60天，一般在40~60天，其發芽率隨著保存時間之增加而減少，通常在一個月內發芽率佳，但往後發芽率就顯著下降。病原菌在馬鈴薯葡萄糖洋菜培養基上菌落生長緩慢，生長速度最快者約需5週的時間才能長滿9公分的培養皿。厚膜胞子發芽產生分生胞子，分生胞子在水瓊脂之發芽率可達10.6%，其發芽之酸鹼度以6~7最適。在田间行藥劑篩選，以75%四氯異苯腈及58%鋅錳滅達樂混合可濕性粉劑效果最佳。

並列摘要

According to the survey of rice false smut disease of 2nd crop in 1983, it showed that the percentage of diseased hill was 14.8%, and the percentage of diseased panicle was 10.0%, individually. The number of smut balls on a panicle was from one to eight, but the majority was one smut (64.7%) and two smuts (20.6%). The distribution of smut balls was concentrated in the middle portion (52.7%) and lower portion (34.4%) of a panicle. The diseased panicle weight decreased significantly. Moreover based on the 2nd crop of 1988, it indicated that the highest percentage of diseased panicle was 12.5%, and the lowest was 2.3%. The highest average number of smut balls was 2.7 per panicle, and the lowest was 0.3 per panicle. On the other hand, the germination of chlamydospores on both sterilized distilled water and water agar was best at 25℃, followed by 30℃ and 20℃, respectively. The germination percentage was 95% on water agar and 93% in sterilized distilled water. The range of pH value for germination was 4-9, and the optimal was 5-8. The germination of yellow chlamydospores was much better than that of black chlamydospores, it reached up to 93% for yellow chlamydospores, but only 6% was obtained for black chlomydospores. Sometimes the black chlamydospores even didn't germinate at all. The chlamydospores survived at least 26 days at room temperatures (25-30℃), but the rang was between 40 and 60 days, in general. The germination decreased with increasing times. The fungus colony grew slowly on PDA medium in Petri dishes. It took about five weeks to cover the surface of a 9-cm Petri dish. The chlamydospores produced conidia after germination, the percentage of conidial germination on water agar was 10.6%, and the optimal pH value for germination was 6-7. The chemical control under field test showed that 75% Daconil WP and 58% Ridomil-MZ WP obtained the best control of this disease.