Growth and Reproduction of Maize (Zea mays L. cv. Tainung No. 1) Response to Soil Water Deficits. Ⅰ. Changes of Growth When Stress and Recovery Occurring at the Vegetative Stage in the Controlled Envi

玉米(Zea mays L. cv. Tainung No.1)生長與產量對土壤缺水之反應（一）營養生長期缺水及灌水恢復對生長之影響

楊純明(Chwen-Ming Yang) ； 向為民(Wei-Min Hsiang)

《中華農業研究》 41卷2期 (1992/06) Pp. 132-139

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.199206.0002

摘要

本文試驗旨在探討控制環境下，營養生長期土壤缺水及灌水恢復對玉米生長之影響。土壤缺水及灌水恢復係以灌水與否控制。根據試驗結果，當土壤水分潛勢下降至-2.5 bars以下時，玉米植株之株高將明顯降低。在土壤缺水達-10 bars之前予以灌水恢復，株高伸長可在四星期內增加至與不缺水之對照組相當，故處理間在雄穗抽出時所測得株高之差異，乃肇因於缺水處理期間株高伸長降低，而非灌水恢復期間株高伸長遲緩引起。葉長亦受到缺水阻滯，其減少情形端視缺水程度及灌水恢復時問決定。玉米植株葉片數雖然不因土壤缺水影響，但葉片伸出率則發生變化，即葉片伸出所需時間隨缺水程度增加而延長。收穫時，處理葉片乾重雖無差異，莖稈重、根重、及穗重均因土壤缺水而減少。綜此試驗結果，本文認為營養生長時期中等程度缺水將改變玉米生長模式，惟若能及時灌水恢復則不影響其進入生殖生長期。在嚴重缺水狀況下，玉米植株生長及產量將會受到顯著抑制。

關鍵字

玉米 ； 產量 ； 生長 ； 土壤缺水 ； 灌水恢復 ； 營養生長期

並列摘要

The growth of maize during soil water deficets and after water recovery in the vegetative stage was investigated for plants grown in pots under controlled-environment conditions. Soil water deticits were imposed by withholding water from daily irrigation and released by rewatering. It was found that plant height was significantly declined when soil water potential reached down to -2.5 bars, but it can be recovered in 4 weeks when water deficits were released at soil water potential as low as -10 bars. Reduced plant height in the recovered plants measured at tasseling was therefore caused by plant height reduction during the stress period, rather than on the recovery. Leaf length, rather than leaf width was decreased by water deficiency, the inhibition of which were determined by stress level and time of water recovery. Additionally, total leaf number of a plant was not affected while leaf emergence rate was changed by a short period of water deficit. At harvest, leaf weight was not varied among treated plants but both stalk and root weights were declined with decreasing soil moistures. Ear weight was also reduced in stressed plants. It was concluded that moderate soil water deficit in the vegetative stage of maize would manipulate growth pattern but may not interrupt plant from entering the reproductive phase with appropriate water recovery. However, plant growth and reproduction may be reduced by severe water deficits even full irrigation was applied after stress period.

並列關鍵字

growth ； reproduction ； maize ； soil water deficit ； recovery ； vegetative stage