玉米不同粒型組合之子粒產量及農藝性狀在期作間組合力之表現

Effects of Crop Seasons on Combining Ability Perform Ance of Grain Yield and Agronomic Traits with Respect to Combinations between Different Kernel Type in Maize

謝光照(Guang-Jauh Shieh) ； 曾富生(Fu-Sheng Thseng)

《中華農業研究》 42卷4期 (1993/12) Pp. 356-369

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.199312.0003

摘要

為探討玉米不同粒型組合之雜交種，在臺灣春、秋及裡作環境下子粒產量等性狀組合力之表現，以四個硬粒種及四個馬齒種自交系半互交組合之28個F1為材料，分別於春作、秋作及裡作進行試驗。結果摘要如下：在春作顯示每穗子粒數、百粒重、脫粒率及子粒產量的表現，為異粒型＞硬粒種同粒型≒馬齒種同粒型；秋作及裡作，則顯示每穗子粒數、百粒重及子粒產量呈現硬粒種同粒型≒異粒型＞馬齒種同粒型。經組合力分析，顯示在春、秋及裡作，大部份性狀均由GCA及SCA共同控制，且以GCA均方佔較大比例。各性狀的GCA/SCA均方比值，在期作間明明顯的變動。大部份性狀之GCA效應，在馬齒種自交系為負效應，硬粒種自交系則為正效應居多；而F，雜種之SCA效應的表現，同粒型組合為負的效應，異粒型組合以正的效應居多。各性狀的GCA及SCA效應之強度，隨期作環境之變異，有不同的表現程度。

關鍵字

粒型 ； 硬粒種 ； 馬齒種 ； 一般組合力 ； 特殊組合力

並列摘要

A half diallel set of four flint and four dent inbred lines of maize was evaluated in spring, fall and winter crop seasons for high grain yield potential in Taiwan. The results were summarized as follows.
In the spring crop season, dent × flint crosses had more kernel number of perear, larger 100-kernel weight and shelling rate, so that grain yield of dent × flint crosses were significantly higher than the crosses of flint × flint or dent × dent. No significant difference was found between flint × flint and dent × dent. In the fall and winter crop seasons, no significant difference in grain yield was observed between dent × flint and flint × flint crosses, but flint × flint and dent × flint crosses had more kernel number of per ear and larger 100-kernel weight, so that yielded significantly more grains than dent × dent crosses.
The mean squares of combining ability analysis were significant about general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) for most traits in spite of spring, fall and winter crop seasons. Additive variance (GCA) was larger than non-additive variance (SCA) for all traits. It suggests that inheritance of all traits was predominantly additive in maize, however, the ratio of GCA/SCA should be affected by planting seasons. The comparison of GCA effects in dent and flint inbred lines showes that flints were positive effects, and dent inbreds were negative effects in most traits. In the F1 hybrids, dent×dent and flint×flint crosses had similiar SCA effects of response intensity. SCA effects were predominantly positive in dent × flint crosses and negative in dent × dent and flint x flint crosses for most traits in all crop seasons. The response intensity of GCA and SCA effects were also affected by planting seasons. The response pattern of GCA and SCA effects were different for single characters.

並列關鍵字

Kernel type ； Flint ； Dent ； General combining ablilty ； Specific combining ability