培養基組成份對康乃馨試管苗玻璃質化的影響

Effects of Medium Composition on the Vitrification of Carnation Plantlets Cultured in Vitro

古新梅(Hsin-Mei Ku) ； 蔡新聲(Hsin-Sheng Tsay)

《中華農業研究》 43卷1期 (1994/03) Pp. 51-62

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.199403.0005

摘要

利用康乃馨組織培養所繁殖的枝條，探討培養基組成份造成試管苗玻璃質化的影響，結果顯示在不同的洋菜種類及濃度條件下，以液體培養的康乃馨玻璃質化最嚴重，其次為水晶洋菜(gelrite)，其餘則依洋菜(Difco agar)濃度的增加，而玻璃質化的程度漸減。在cytokinins的比較試驗中發現，玻璃質化的比例隨BA (6-benzylamino purine)的濃度增高而增加，kinetin (6-furfurylamino purine)亦有相同的趨勢，但結果較BA不明顯。氨態氮與硝酸態氮的比例試驗中發現，隨著氨態氮比例的增加而玻璃質化有增高的趨勢。綜合以上結果顯示含有0.9% Difco-agar、0.5 ppm BA、NO3(上標 -):NH4(上標 +)=1: 1~2: 1及3% sucrose 之1/2 Murashige & Skoog基本鹽類之培養基，可大量繁殖康乃馨並避免嚴重的玻璃質化。玻璃質化枝條之外觀具水浸狀肉質莖葉，而組織切片則顯示莖部特化組織較正常者不分化，皮層及髓部薄壁細胞排列較不整齊，葉肉較正常者缺乏柵狀組織及海綿組織之分化，其間有大且空的細胞。

關鍵字

康乃馨 ； 組織培養 ； 玻璃質化 ； 組織切片

並列摘要

Vitrification of carnation plantlets cultured in vitro is characterized by the appearance of water-soaked translucent stem and leaves. It is detrimental to the successful transplanting of these plantlets to the field. The purpose of this study was to evaluate medium composition for the percentage and degree of vitrification in carnation plantlets derived from shoot-tip culture. The percentage of plantlets vitrification was significantly higher in liquid culture than in solid-medium culture. Comparison between the effects of gelling agents showed that Gelrite-containing medium produced severer vitrification than Difco agar-containing medium. The degree of vitrification decreased with increasing concentration of Difco agar in the medium. The addition of cytokinins, either benzyladenine (BA) or 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin), increased markedly the percentage of vitrified plants. The effect was more pronounced at high cytokinin concentrations. BA-containing medium produced more serious vitrification than kinetin-containing medium. Higher ratios of NO3(superscript -) to NH4(superscript +) in the medium could prevent the vitrification of carnation plantlets. Ratios of 1-2 resulted in the highest number of adventitious shoots. In conclusion, the medium containing 1/2 MS basic salts supplemented with 3% sucrose, 0.9% agar, and 0.5 ppm BA (pH 5.7±0.1) was ideal for both mass propagation and reduced vitrification of carnation plantlets. Cytohistological examinations revealed that the leaves of vitrified plants were lack of clear differentiation between palisade and spongy mesophyll cells. The large and empty cells were predominant in palisade and spongy mesophyll. The stems showed less differentiated tissue and the cortical and pith parenchyma contained enlarged cells as compared to the stems of normal plantlets.

並列關鍵字

Carnation Dianthus caryophyllus L. ； Tissue culture ； Vitrification ； Cytohistological examination