水芋葉面積與乾物質生產之關係

Relationship between Leaf Area and Dry Biomass Production in Wetland Taro [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott]

陳烈夫(Lit-Fu Chan) ； 呂秀英(Hsiu-Ying Lu) ； 呂椿棠(Chun-Tang Lu) ； 賴吉雄(Chi-Hsiung Lai)

《中華農業研究》 44卷1期 (1995/03) Pp. 59-71

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.199503.0007

摘要

物質生產之預測對芋作物收穫計畫及製粉操作非常重要，本研究之主要目的在利用葉面積指數來探討及預測臺灣水田栽培檳榔心芋的乾物質生產。本研究分別於1991及1993年秋作在臺灣省農業試驗所試驗田區進行兩年試驗，自移植日起至收穫為止，每隔一個月逢機調查10株芋植株，測量各株之葉面積、地上部乾物重(UDW)及球莖乾重(CDW)，並估算不同時期的葉面積指數(LAI)、淨同化速率(NAR)及作物生長速率(CGR)。試驗結果得知，水芋LAI在移植後第3個月起開始快速增加，於移植後第6、7個月時LAI曲線有一明顯的尖峰，隨後LAI即降下，但不同年度試驗之LAI曲線受到氣象因素影響而有變化，在移植後第4至7個月期間倘逢高溫及多日照，可提高LAI的增加速度及最大值，此為生理上影響乾物質生產增加之重要原因。水芋的LAI與乾物質生產之間的關係則表現相當一致，並不受年度或氣象之差異影響而異。水芋在LAI達最大值之前，地上部乾物重及球莖乾重均可因LAI之增加而增加，且與NAR並無明顯的負相關關係，但倘LAI大於最大值，則NAR及CGR值會顯著下降；當累積葉面積指數(CLAI)達到某一臨界值之前，水芋之乾物質生產可利用CLAI之直線迴歸函數來預測，但該臨界值及所估得之迴歸估值會隨著環境條件不同而異。

關鍵字

芋 ； 葉面積指數 ； 乾物質生產 ； 淨同化速率 ； 作物生長速率

並列摘要

The prediction of biomass production is important for scheduling harvest and milling operations in taro. The objective of this study was to evalute and predict the dry biomass production of wetland taro [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott] based on leaf area index information. Two experiments were conducted in the fall crop of 1991 and 1993 at Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute. A total of 10 plants was randomly sampled at one-month intervals starting at transplanting and ending at harvest. The total leaf area, upper plant dry weight (UDW) and corm dry weight (CDW) of each plant were measured to estimate the leaf area index (LAI) , net assimilation rate (NAR) and crop growth rate (CGR) of dry biomass. The results revealed that the LAI of taro increased greatly with time starting from 3 months after transplanting, and reached a maximum value at 6 or 7 months after transplanting, and declined thereafter. Climatic variation can lead to significant difference in LAI curve of taro. The rate of increase and maximum value of LAT increased with high temperature and high solar radiation during the growth periods from 4 to 7 months after transplanting. The effects of LAI on dry biomass production were the same between different years and different climatic variation. Before LAT reached a maximum value, UDW and CDW of: aro increased markedly as LAI increased. No significant negative correlation between NAR and LAI was found before LAI reached its maximum. On the contrary, NAR and CGR decreased immediately when maximum LAI was achieved. Dry biomass was linearly related to the cumulative leaf area index (CLAI) in taro until CLAI reached a critical value. This linear relationships could be useful for predicting taro biomass production, however, the critical value and regression coefficient used to estimate biomass production might vary with diverse environmental conditions.

並列關鍵字

Taro ； Leaf area index ； Dry biomass production ； Net assimilation rate ； Crop growth rate