非洲菊斑潛蠅之形態、生活史及繁殖力

Morphology, Life History and Reproductive Ability of Liriomyza trifolii

錢景秦(Ching-Chin Chien) ； 古琇芷(Hsiu-Chih Ku)

《中華農業研究》 45卷1期 (1996/03) Pp. 69-88

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.199603.0007

摘要

本試驗以菜豆苗飼育非洲菊斑潛蠅，並觀察該蠅之形態、生活史及交尾次數與溫度對其族群增長之影響。結果得知，成蠅之羽化、產卵、取食及老熟幼蟲鑽出葉片等活動均屬晝行性。羽化後第二日之交尾率即達99%，雌雄蠅皆行多次交尾（4~20次以上），在25℃下、未交尾雌蠅雖可產少數之卵，但均不孵化，而僅交尾1或1次以上雌蠅之內在增殖率各為0.2301與0.2329/日。雌蠅可自取食孔或產卵孔取食，其中在產卵孔處之吸食可提高卵之孵化。雌蠅對豆苗之真葉與複葉間具極顯著之產卵與取食偏好性，完全不產卵於複葉。卵之形成屬應變式產卵策略，卵在發育期不增大。於20℃~35℃時，可利用豆葉內第三齡幼蟲數估算該蠅之產卵數（孵化率94~99%，幼蟲存活率90~98%）。第三齡幼蟲之食痕長度各為第一與第二齡幼蟲之9.0與4.7倍。雌蠅產卵之實測臨界低溫與臨界高溫各為12℃與40℃。卵至成蟲期之發育臨界低溫與實測致死高溫各為8.7℃與38℃。餵食蜂蜜時，35℃為該蠅族群增長最大之溫度（內在增殖率為0.3236/天）；15℃時族群幾停止增長（內在增殖率為0.0051/天）；而20℃至25℃為該蠅最適繁殖之溫度（淨增殖率為152~188粒雌性有活力之卵／雌）。在25℃下，一代發育期16.6天（卵期3.3天、幼蟲期4.6天、蛹期8.6天），一代存活率81.6%。在25℃室溫下、每日供食蜂蜜、並以15~20cm高之菜豆苗供該蠅產卵為最佳飼養條件。

關鍵字

非洲菊斑潛蠅 ； 生活史 ； 族群增長 ； 菜豆 ； 溫度

並列摘要

Morphology, life history, and effect of mating frequence and temperature on the population growth rate of the leafminer, Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) were examined in the laboratory with field bean, Phaseolus vulgaris var. communis Aeschers as host plant. Results indicated that emergence, oviposition and feeding of adults as well as larvae emerging from leaves was in diurnal pattern. The mating rate reached 99% on the 2nd day. Males and females mated more than once (4-20's times). At 25℃, unmated females could lay fewer infertile eggs. The intrinsic rate of increase (γ) for female of mating once or more than once was 0.2301 or 0.2329/day. The female fed from all punctures regardless some for oviposition. The egg hatching rate could be increased if female fed on oviposition site. Female significantly preferred laying eggs and feeding on primary leaf but completely did not lay eggs on trifoliate leaf of field bean. Egg production strategy belongs to synovigeny, and the egg size did not increase in development. The number of the third larva within the mesophyll could be used to estimate the oviposition of leafminer between 20°-35°C due to the high survival rates of egg and larval stages. The length of mine increased with the growing instar of which the third instar was ca. 9.0- and 4.7-fold longer than that of the first and second instars, respectively. The observed lowest and highest temperature for oviposition were at 12° and 40℃. The lower developmental threshold was estimated to be 8.7℃ from egg to adult. The upper lethal limit temperature for development was 38℃. The maximum population growth of L. trifolii can be expected at 35℃ (γ=0.3236/day), while almost no increase at 15℃ (y =0.0051/day) when honey is provided. The optimum temperature for reproduction was between 20°-25℃ (R0=152-188 viable female eggs/female). At 25℃, its development period and survival rate from egg to adult was 16.6 days (egg stage 3.3 days, larval stage 4.6 days, pupa stage 8.6 days) and 81.6%, respectively. The optimal conditions for rearing L. trifolii were using 15-20 cm tall field bean for adult infestation and daily provided with honey at 25℃.

並列關鍵字

Liriomyza trifolii ； Life history ； Population growth ； Field bean ； Temperature