有機質肥料之主成分含量及其變異

Contents and Variations of the Major Constituents in the Organic Manures in Taiwan

李艷瑛(Yahn-Chir Lee) ； 連深(Shen Lian)

《中華農業研究》 46卷2期 (1997/06) Pp. 181-189

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.199706.0007

摘要

於1991~1995年間採集市售及肥料製造業者（包括農牧廢棄物處理中心）之有機質肥料樣品共326個（含189個品牌），依其材料性質分爲，動、植物質有機肥料，堆肥（雞糞堆肥、豬糞堆肥、牛糞堆肥、樹皮堆肥）及雜項有機質肥料，測定各類肥料之主成分及重金屬含量（均以乾物%表示）。重金屬含量之調查結果已經報告。本文報告各類有機質肥料之有機質、氮、磷、鉀、鈣、鎂等主成分含量及其變異情形。
各種堆肥中有很高樣本頻率有機質含量未達規格標準。有機質含量偏低者與其灰分含量或鈣含量偏高有關。故堆肥中有機質含量之規範尚有檢討必要。
各種堆肥和雜項有機質肥料之全氮含量變域很大。全氮含量高於1.5~2.0%者即有含無機態氮機率，而全氮含量高於3%者，其機率大增。爲避免施肥不當，各種堆肥和雜項有機質肥料之全氮含量高於2.0者，無機態氮含量之標示誠有必要。各種堆肥和雜項有機質肥料在製造過程中所使用之有機資材種類、比例等亦應標示，以利其施用後之氮素礦化率預測。

關鍵字

有機質肥料 ； 有機質 ； 主成分 ； 可溶性氮含量

並列摘要

Three hundred and sixteen samples of organic manures were collected from either the manufacturers or sellers during 1991~195. The manures were classified into (1) composts, i.e., poultry, swine and cattle waste compost, and bark compost; (2) organic manures of either animal or vegetable origin, including fish scrap, steamed bone meal, soybean cake meal and rape seed cake meal, etc.; and (3) the miscellaneous organic manures, which are the mixtures of compost and other kind of organic manures. The contents of heavy metals and major constituents in the manures have been analyzed and a data base has been constructed for quality monitoring. The contents of heavy metals had been reported previously (Journal of Agricultural Research of China, Volume 43, 1994).
The current criteria of organic matter content for most of the composts is 60% (on dry weight basis). Many of the samples analyzed, however, were found lower than this criteria. It is recommended that the criteria re-examined.
The variations of the contents of major constituents (NPK) were great, among the organic manures. The content of nitrogen ranges fron 0.5 to 5.7% in the composts. The variation was even greater in the miscellaneous organic manures (0.7~45.0%). The contents of inorganic nitrogen, particularly those of ammonium nitrogen were significant, when the contents of total nitrogen were greater than 1.5%, possibly due to the admixing of chemical fertilizer during manufacturing. The indication of the forms and respective contents of nitrogen in addition to the total content is therefore necessary for the sake of proper application of organic manures.

並列關鍵字

Organic manures ； Organic matter ； Major constituents ； Soluble nitrogen