水芋在不同栽培季節之生長分析

本研究在台灣省農業試驗所進行水田檳榔心芋之週年栽培試驗，自1995年1月至1996年11月每隔二個月種植一次，共兩年十二個種植期，調查不同栽培季節下水芋在各生育期間的葉數、葉面積及植株各部位乾物質重，並估算各種生長介量，藉以解析不同栽培季節水芋全生育期間的生長差異，同時檢視氣象因素對水芋生長分析之季節變異性的影響。結果得知，氣溫及日射量是影響水芋生長的重要氣象因素。而不同栽培季節間的同化物質之累積及球莖產量之不同，受葉片生長差異影響甚於淨同化速率。水芋葉片的生長主要決定於葉面積的擴展速率及持續期，至於葉片數目及葉片密度的影響則不大。本省中部地區以1~3月種植期為水芋最適栽培季節，其地上部生長旺盛期高溫及高日射量，葉片生長速率較快且持續時間較長，可使LAI曲線達到較大的高峰值，故供源強度充足，可加速球莖膨大充實。反之，7~9月種植期較不利於栽種水芋，其地上部生長旺盛期低溫及低日射量，芋葉生長不良且持續時間較短，LAI曲線沒有明顯的高峰值，使早期供源不足及分配過程受到限制，故不利於球莖膨大。5月及11月種植期的葉片發育表現則介於1~3月及7~9月種植期之間，但因為地上部生長旺盛期容易受到颱風之異常氣候影響，生長表現較不穩定，故生產風險相對較大。

關鍵字

芋；週年栽培試驗；生長介量；球莖產量；氣象因素；季節性變異

並列摘要

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of meteorological factors on seasonal variation of growth analysis in wetland taro under different transplanting months. Two year-round experiments were conducted at Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute. There are a total of twelve transplanting dates by taken at two-month intervals during January in 1995 to November in 1996. The leaf number, leaf area, leaf dry weight, petiole dry weight, and corm dry weight of each plant were measured and used to estimate the various growth parameters. The results showed that air temperature and solar radiation are the most important climate factors in the growth of taro. The variation in leaf growth appeared to be more important for assimilates storage and corm yield than net assimilation rate. The leaf growth depended on the rate and duration of leaf surface expansion, but not leaf number and leaf density. When transplanting in January to March, high temperature and high solar radiation at vigorous top-growth stage increased the rate and duration of leaf growth, and the maximum value of leaf area index (LAI). This resulted in greater source efficiency and rapid corm bulking. Thus January to March is the most favorable cropping season at Taichung region in Taiwan. When transplanting in July to September, low temperature and low solar radiation at vigorous top-growth stage decreased the rate and duration of leaf growth, and the LAI curve did not reach a maximum value. This resulted in less source efficiency and slow corm bulking. Thus planting taro in July to September is less favorable. When transplanting in May or November, the effect of climatic variation on leaf growth was between January-March and July-September cropping season, however, there was much possibility of suffering yield loss by typhoons.

並列關鍵字

Taro ； Year-round experiment ； Growth parameters ； Net assimilation rates ； Corm yield ； Climate factors ； Seasonal variation

國際替代計量

水芋在不同栽培季節之生長分析

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