苦瓜果實構造及發育之研究　Ⅱ苦瓜胚、種子和果實的發育

Observation of Fruit Anatomy and Development of Bitter Gourd Ⅱ. Development of Embryo, Seed and Fruit of Bitter Gourd

張有明(You-Ming Chang) ； 鄭櫻慧(Ying-Hiey Cheng) ； 許華欣(Wha-Shin Hsu) ； 黃鵬林(Pung-Ling Huang)

《中華農業研究》 49卷2期 (2000/06) Pp. 49-60

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.200006.0005

摘要

苦瓜在台灣熱生長季（夏秋作）的高溫下生長，月華和農友2號兩品種的果實生育迅速，從開花授粉、受精後到適合採收祇需13~15天，平均在第16天就開始轉黃而失去商品價值。在冷生長季（秋冬作）較低溫時的月華果實，生育需20~22天才適合採收，在授粉後24~26天才開始轉黃，是故使得果實從開花到採收時期，冷生長季下比在熱生長季時延遲將近一倍的時間。種子的發育在高溫下生長迅速，約在第9、10天即有半數種子外型已達成熟時的大小（約是三級種子）；第14天已有成熟種子（五級）出現。胚的發育在夏秋作高溫時第4-5天已有心臟形期的胚出現，將有利於早期救胚工作的進行。但秋冬作溫度較低，延遲了果實的發育，相對的種子和胚的發育也受到影響而減緩，其發育所需時間亦約延長為夏秋作高溫期的一倍左右。兩品種不同期作的果實發育依果長、果寬、果重的增加結果，很清楚的顯示均屬單一”S”型的果實發育曲線。

關鍵字

苦瓜 ； 胚 ； 種子 ； 果實 ； 發育

並列摘要

The fertilized fruit of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) grow rapidly under high temperature in hot growth season (summer-autumn period) of 1993, it took 12 to 16 days for harvest and the fruit turn yellow in 16 days in Taiwan. It took 20 to 22 days for harvest under lower temperature in the cold growth season (autumn winter period) of 1992. The fruit color turn yellow in 24 days after pollination (DAP). Seeds of bitter gourd also develop rapidly at high temperature. About 50% of seeds develop into third grade with the size near maturity at 9-10 DAP. But few seeds (about 30~40%) develop into mature seed (fifth grade) at 14-16 DAP. In hot growth season, some embryos develop to heart-shaped stage at 4-5 DAP which should be benefit for embryo rescue manipulation. On the contrary, the fruit growth, seed and embryo development were delayed in cold growth season of 1992.

並列關鍵字

bitter gourd ； embryo ； seed ； fruit ； development