栽培稻(Oryza sativa)與野生稻(O. nivara)種間雜種及回交後裔族群生育期、株高及穗長性狀之遺傳及育種行為

Genetics and Breeding Behaviors of Days to Heading, Plant Height and Panicle Length in the Progenies Derived from the Crosses between Oryza sativa L. and O. nivara Sharma et Shastry

李長沛(Charng-Pei Li) ； 郭益全(Yih-Chuan Kuo) ； 吳詩都(Shu-Tu Wu) ； 曾富生(Fu-Sheng Thseng)

《中華農業研究》 50卷2期 (2001/06) Pp. 13-23

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.200106.0002

摘要

以臺農67號(TNG67)及臺稉1號(TK1)兩個稉稻品種為輪迥親本與由國際稻米研究所引進之野生稻O. nivara (Acc.104705)雜交及回交，探討其雜種後代F1、F2、BC1F1、BC1F2、BC2F1、BC2F2、BC3F1、BC3F2族群生育期、株高及穗長等性狀的變異。在生育期TNG67×O. nivara、TK1×O. nivara之F1偏向野生稻親本之早熟表現，顯示O. nivara具早熟顯性基因，但TK1×O. nivara組合於F2出現兩明顯之高峰，也說明O. nivara之早熟顯性基因不同於早熟栽培品種臺稉1號。在株高及穗長方面，O. nivara屬半矮性株高約100公分，F1在TNG67×O.nivara之組合株高偏向TNG67之完全顯性，穗長則偏向於野生稻之部份顯性；TK1×O. nivara組合在株高及穗長則均呈明顯的雜種優勢。兩組合F2族群之株高及穗長之變異性均高，呈明顯超親分離。自BC1F2開始選拔株型接近栽培稻者進行回交，該單株並行宿根採收種子以繁殖F2族群。由各回交F1及F2的表現得知，BC1F1、BC1F2變異性仍高，但至BC2F1、BC2F2已明顯縮小，至BC3F1、BC3F2變異程度最低，且族群的分布最為集中。但在株高及穗長於BC2F2仍有植株較矮、穗較短的弱勢植株產生。兩雜交組合之生育期、株高及穗長的相關性，在F2此三性狀間均呈顯著正相關。但在回交世代除TK1×O. nivara於BC3F2生育期與株高為正相關外，TNG67×O. nivara各回交世代及TK1×O. nivara之BC1F2、BC2F2均為負相關。兩雜交組合株高與穗長間在各回交F2世代則均呈正相關。

關鍵字

栽培稻 ； 野生稻 ； 種間雜交 ； 回交 ； 農藝性狀

並列摘要

Two sinica varieties, Tainung 67 (TNG 67) and Taiken 1 (TK 1), and a wild rice, O. nivara (Ace. 104705) were used as the recurrent parents and non-recurrent parent respectively to investigate the genetics and breeding behaviors including the days to heading, plant height and panicle length of the interspecific hybrid progenies. The F1, F2, BC1F1, BC1F2, BC2F1, BC2F2, BC3F1 and BC3F2 populations derived from the interspecific crosses along with their parents were planted simultaneously at the experimental farm of Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute in the first crop of 1996. The F1 plants of two cross combinations exhibited the tendence of early-heading like their wild parent, O. nivara does. This showed O. nivara has some dominant early genes. The days to heading of F2 population of TK1×O. nivara had two peaks. This suggested the early gene of O. nivara differs from the gene of TK1, which was also classfied as an early mature cultivar. O. nivara belonged to a semidwarf of about 100 cm. The plant height of F1 derived from TNG 67×O. nivara combination was tended to exhibit complete dominance like TNG 67 and panicle length was tended to exhibit as partial dominance like O. nivara. Heterosis was found on both characters in the TK1×O. nivara combination. A large variance and transgressive segregation were observed in F2 populations for both cross combinations. Although many weak plants with shorter plant height and panicle were found in the BC2F2 populations for both cross combinations, less variances were also observed in backcross populations When cross generation increased. Positive phenotypic correlactions were found among the days to heading, plant height and panicle length in F2 populations in both cross combinations. Positive correlations were found between plant height and panicle length in each backcross F2 populations of both cross combinations. However, negative correlations were observed between the days to heading and plant height in all the backcross F2 population of back cross in both cross combinations, except the BC3F2 of TK1×O. nivara.

並列關鍵字

Oryza sativa ； O. nivara ； Interspecific hybridization ； Recurrent backcross ； Agronomic characters