東方果實蠅生態調查技術之研究（一）田間密度快速監測技術

Study on the Ecological Methods for the Oriental Fruit Fly, Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel. I. Developing a Rapid Technique for Density Monitoring

鄭允(Edward Y. Cheng) ； 蘇文瀛(Wen-Ying Su) ； 黃毓斌(Yu-Bing Hwang) ； 江明耀(Ming-Yao Chiang) ； 高靜華(Ching-Hua Kao)

《中華農業研究》 53卷3期 (2004/09) Pp. 155-164

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.200409.0001

摘要

東方果實蠅共同防治體系目前採用「旬密度」方法監測，本研究目的旨在發展迅速且正確的快速監測技術，其原則為(1)時間不超過30-60分鐘，(2)所得資料與現行「旬密度」具相關性。進行試驗之期間為92年7月至12月，屬東方果實蠅正常活動季節，不受低溫的影響，試驗區涵蓋霧峰、芬園及草屯二個鄉鎮，全區共佈設68個測定點。快速監測資材採用傘式誘殺器，內裝含乃力松之甲基丁香油藥液棉片，下置錐型網收集蟲體，網下方之地面鋪設白色塑膠布。調查時間為上午9:00至下午2:00，以每一「旬密度」測定點為中心，在半徑100公尺之外圍，以120度角區分三處檢定點，每點調查10分鐘，3處合計30分鐘。凡落入網內及塑膠布上之蟲體均合併計算，所得蟲數與該測定點之旬密度蟲數為同一筆資料之A組與B組。試驗分4組進行，含三組單人組及一組雙人組，各收得280、136、146及229筆資料。調查資料經自然對數(ln)轉換後，進行「旬密度」及「快速監測密度」之相關分析，結果顯示雙人組之兩種監測資料的相關係數(r)超過0.7，較三組單人組之r值0.24-0.42為高，惟考量理論上「旬密度為零時，30分鐘所監測之密度亦應為零」，因此選擇雙人組100隻以內的資料建立截距歸零後之迴歸方程式，其判定係數(R^2)超過0.93，資料轉換後所發展之直線迴歸模式為Y=0.411X。依此一模式估算，現有「旬密度」四級密度指標綠燈、黃燈、藍燈及紅燈之蟲數分界為64隻、256隻與1024隻，而相對在「快速監測」之分界標準則為6隻、11隻及19隻。田間實際應用時，需以雙人組方式進行，並需為適合東方果實蠅活動的季節，且無其他外來干擾因子如農藥等，即可快速檢定東方果實蠅的密度。

關鍵字

快速密度監測 ； 東方果實蠅

並列摘要

A 10-day density monitoring system for the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, has been used for the area-wide control program in Taiwan since 1994. This monitoring method records average catch of fruit flies over ten days, which can reduce the day to day variation and provides a stable report. However, the 10-day monitoring data can not be applied in an urgent situation, and a rapid monitoring technique to complement the existed system has been developed. Major criteria for the rapid monitoring technique are shortening the survey time to less than one hour, and the obtained data should be comparable to current 10-day monitoring data.
Field experiments had been performed from June to December of 2003, a period without low temperature that might hamper the activity of fruit flies. The testing field covering acreage of more than 17,500 hectares is located in Wufeng, Tsaotun and Fenyuan areas that crossing Taichung, Nantou and Changhua counties. Sixty-eight surveying spots were chosen to establish both 10-day and rapid density monitoring data, and the distance between any two surveying spots is more than one kilometer. Rapid density detection technique was tested in individual surveying spot on the 10 th day by applying the umbrella-type trap baited with naled and methyl eugenol mixture. A collecting net (40 cm in diameter and 60 cm height) was hanging under the trap, and a 100 cm×100 cm white plastic cloth was placed on the ground to help visualizing the attracted fruit flies. Three observation traps, each is one hundred meter afar from the surveying spot, were arranged in right-angled triangle form. The observation time in each trap is ten minutes and the number of flies attracted/killed was recorded. Four observation teams, a two-person team and three single person teams, were dispatched for the field experiment. Accumulated 10-day and rapid density monitoring data were analyzed for possible correlations, and the results indicated that the coefficient of correlation (r) between data of two methods only ranged from 0.24 to 0.42 for single person team, while is 0.7-0.73 for the two-person team. Consequently, the data obtained from the two-person team was used to develop the correlation model between the 10-day and the rapid density monitoring methods.
The obtained data had gone through the log transformation for statistic analysis to establish a correlation equation, Y = 0.41X, and the determined coefficient (R^2) exceeds 0.93.

並列關鍵字

Rapid density detection technique ； Bactrocera dorsalis