水稻根部真菌之分離鑑定及其對稻作生育之影響

Isolation and Identification of Fungi from Rice Roots and Their Influences on the Rice Growth

張義璋(Y. C. Chang) ； 杜金池(C. C. Tu) ； 簡錦忠(C. C. Chien)

《中華農業研究》 26卷4期 (1977/12) Pp. 279-289

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.197712.0002

摘要

依據本研究結果，本省水稻根部真菌已鑑定者分隷17屬，即：Aspergillus，Botryoderma，Chaetophoma，Cladosporium Curvularia，Fusarium，Homococus，Humicola，Hymenella，Paecilomyces，Papularia，Phoma，Rhinotrichum，Rhizoctonia solani，Scytalidium，Trichoderma viride與Verticillum等。
第一期作與第二期作之稻根真菌種類及族羣數量互不相同。同爲生育後期，前者根部帶有極高族羣之Curvularia及Homococus，亦帶有第二期作所未分離到的Botryoderma，Hymenella，Rhizoctonia solani及Scytalidium等。第二期作則帶有較多量的Aspergillus，Papularia及Rhinotrichum等，並帶有第一期作所未分離到的真菌爲Chaetophoma及Phoma等。稻根真菌種類亦因栽培地區不同而有差異，臺中地區以Aspergillus，Paecilomyces較多，而清水地區則以Papularia，Rhinotrichum及Trichoderma較多。上述17屬稻根真菌對水稻生育之影響，可分成抑制、促進及無影響等三類，其影響之程度因菌株而異，即使同屬之菌株，其影響程度亦參差不一。對第二期作水稻可能引起不良影響之稻根真菌包括有：Aspergillus，Trichderma及Humicola等3屬真菌。
嚴重發生香蕉黃葉病之蕉園似不宜轉作水稻，因香蕉黃葉病菌會侵染稻根，產生褐斑，繼之枯死，嚴重影響株高及根長。

並列摘要

Seventeen genera of fungi were isolated from rice roots in Taiwan. They were Aspergillus. Botryoderma, Chaetophoma, Cladosporium, Curvularia, Fusarium, Homococus, Humicola, Hymenella, Paecilomyces, Papularia, Phoma, Rhinoirichum, Rhizoctonia solani, Scytalidium, Trichoderma viride and Verticillium.
The fungal genera and populations varied greatly between the 1st and 2nd crop of rice roots. For instance, roots of the 1st crop rice harborred higher population of Curvularia and Homococus at the late stage of growth, whereas those of the 2nd crop rice had higher population of Aspergillus, Papularia and Rhinotrichum. Botryoderma, Hymenella, R. solani and Scytalidium were isolated from roots of the 1st crop rice but not from those of the 2nd crop rice, while Chaetophoma and Phoma vice versa. The difference also occurred between localities: the Taichung area had more Aspergillus and Paecilomyces and Chingsuei area had more Papularia, Rhinotrichum and Trichoderma.
The influence of these root fungi on the rice could be grouped into (1) retarding the growth, (2) stimulating the growth and (3) no interference. The ability of influence depended on the individual isolate of fungi concerned. However, it was concluded that Aspergillus, Trichoderma and Humicola might play an important role in the productivity of the 2nd crop rice.
Soils heavily infested with F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense are not suitable for the growth of rice. The greenhouse experiment indicated that rice roots could be penetrated by this pathogen and resulted brown discoloration and the death of roots.