東海南區·臺灣海峽產白口魚之年齡與成長

Age and Growth of the White Croaker, Argyrosomus argentatus (HOUTTUYN), in the Southern Part of the East China Sea and Taiwan Strait

劉錫江(Hsi-Chiang Liu) ； 曾萬年(Wann-Nian Tzeng)

《臺灣水產學會刊》 1卷1期 (1972/03) Pp. 21-38

https://doi.org/10.29822/JFST.197203.0003

摘要

從1970年l月至1971年12月止，按月於基隆漁市場搜集東海南區及臺灣海峽產白口魚之標本，以讀鱗之方法，來探討其年齡與成長。結果如以下所述：
(1)輸紋判讀之標準，乃根據下述之諸特徵：即在鱗片之中央基部(basal area)的生長線(ridges)呈密集的直線現象，基側部(basi-lateral area)的生長線呈合流之現象；而側域部(lateral area)之生長線呈斷切現象，如果生長線呈上述三種現象出現時，則判定為年輪(platel & 2)。
(2)側線與臀鰭間（圖2之E部位）之片鱗，其變異係數最小，且容易獲得，故選定E部位采鱗
(3)側線之規則：
(a)體長愈大，輪紋數愈多（圖4）。
(b)同一個體各部位採取之鱗片，其輸紋數相同，且鱗片上各輸紋之相對位置亦大致一致（圖(5-a&5-b）。
(c)等輪紋數之不同個體間所採取之鱗片，鱗片上各輸紋之相對位置，亦大略一致（圖6）。
(d)相鄰輸紋間，輪紋徑組成相異，其平均值亦相異（圖7）。
(4)鱗徑(R)與體長(L)呈下列廻歸直線之關係：
東海南區 L=39.70+40.385lR
臺灣海峽 L=23.15+43.9028R
以上兩廻歸直線之廻歸係數及修正平均值皆有顯著差異。
(5)由鱗片邊緣生長率頻度分布之月別變化，推定一年形成一輸，其形成期間為5～8月。產卵期為3～8月，盛期為5～7月。產卵期與輸紋形成時期很一致。後者可能受前者之影響。
(6)雌雄間之平均年輪徑，差異不顯著（圖11）。
(7)輪紋形成時之估計體長如下：
l1 l2 l3 l4 l5 l6
東海南區 162.9 mm 247.7 273.1 294.5 307.5 315.9
臺灣海峽 162.3 mm 250.1 283.1 297.5 316.0 327.4
(8)上述之估計體長以Walford定差圖描繪結果（圖12）分點(l2，l3)以下部分及以上部分求其廻歸直線得：
東海南區 點(l2，l3)以下 l(下標 t+1)=198.91+0.2995l(下標t)
點(l2，l3)以上 l(下標 t+1)=98.51+ .7098(下標t)
成長型轉折點S. P.(shifting point of growth pattern)之位置為244.7mm，極限體長(l(下標 ∞))由高年部分之直線估計得339.5mm。
臺灣海峽 點(l2，l3)以下 l(下標 t+1)=189.11+0.3758l(下標 t)
點(l2，l3)以上 l(下標 t+1)=108.48+0.6890l(下標 t)
成長型轉折點S. P.(shifting point of growth pattern)為265.9mm 極限體長由高年部分直線估計得348.8mm。
(9)年齡與體長之關係，以von Bertalanffv成長方程式表示如下式：
東海南區 244. mm．以下l(下標t)=284.0〔1-e(上標-1.2070(t-0.29))〕
244. mm．以上l(下標t)=339.5〔1-e(上標-0.3453(t-1.79))〕
臺灣海峽 265.9mm．以下l(下標t)=303.0〔1-e(上標-0.9779(t-0.22))〕
265.9.mm．以上l(下標t)=348.8〔1-e(上標-0.3752(t-1.33))〕
(10)體長(L)與體重(W)之關係如下式：
東海南區 W=10.lllL^(3.0405)•10^(-6)
臺灣海峽 W=4.697L^(3.1818)•10^(-6)
(11)年齡與體重之關係：
東海南區 1.9歲以下 W(下標 t)=291.3〔1-e(上標 -1.2070(t-0.29))〕^3
1.9歲以上 W(下標 t)=499.0〔1-e(上標 -0.3453(t-1.79))〕^3
臺灣海峽 2.4歲以下 W(下標 t)=369.3〔1-e(上標 -0.9779(t-0.22))〕^3
2.4歲以上 W(下標 t)=578.0〔1-e(上標 -0.3752(t-1.33))〕^3

並列摘要

Samples of the white croaker, Argyrosomus argentatus (HOTTUYN), were collected monthly form the catches of bull trawlers at Keelung fish market from January 1970 to December1971.
The age marks on the scales taken from the Sample fish were studied. The results are summarized as follows:
(1) During the ring forming period, the ridges are linear and their intervals are narrowed in the basal area; the ridges combine together and the intervals are narrowed in the basilateral area; inner ridges are interrupted by the outer ridges in the lateral area. (plate 1 & 2)
(2) Scales were sampled in the portion E, between lateral line and anal fin of the fish, where the scales were regular in shape and more readily accessible.
(3) The regularity of ring on the scale:
(a) The ring count was higher with fish of larger total length. (Fig.4)
(b) Among the scales taken from different portions of a fish with two rings, the ring counts were constant and the corresponding positions of the identical rings were similar. This was also true with fish with five rings. (Fig.5-a & 5-b)
(c) The scales of 45 fish with three rings were similar in their corresponding ring position. (Fig.6)
(d) The ring radius frequencies distribution and their means were all different between adjacent ring counts. (Fig.7)
(4) The relationship between scale radius and total length was as follows:
The southern part of the East China Sea L=39.70+40.3851 R
Taiwan Strait L=23.15+43.9028 R
There are significant difference in regression coefficient and adjusted mean of regression lines in these two areas.
(5) The rate of marginal increment indicates that one ring is formed yearly.Thespawning season and period of ring formation are concurrent.
(6) The growth curve pattern of ring-radius showed no difference between male and female in each area. (Fig.11)
(7) At time of ring formation the total length of the fish of the two areas show significant difference except L1.
The values are as follows:
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6
The southern part of the East China Sea 162.9 mm 247.7 273.1 294.5 307.5 315.9
Taiwan Strait 162.3 mm 250.1 283.1 297.5 316.0 327.4
(8)The Walford graph based upon the total length at each age shows an inflective line rather than a straight one. The shifting point was estimated at age 1.9 (total length244.7 mm) in the southern part of the East China Sea, and at age 2.4 (total length 265.9mm) in Taiwan Strait. The relationship between age and total length is shown by von Bertalanffy formula as follows:
The southern part of the East China Sea L(subscript t)≥244.7 mm L(subscript t)=284.0[1-e(superscript-1.2070(t-0.29))] L(subscript t)≤244.7 mm L(subscript t)=339.5[1-e(superscript-0.3153(t+1.79))] Taiwan Strait L(subscript t)≤265.9 mm L(subscript t)=303.0[1-e(superscript-0.9779(t-0.22))]L(subscript t)≥265.9 mm L(subscript t)=348.8[1-e(superscript -0.3752(t+1.33))]
(9) The relationship between total length and body weight is estimated.
The southern part of the East China Sea W=10.111 L^(3.0405)•10^(-6) Taiwan Strait W=4.697 L^(3.1818)•10^(-6)
(10) The relationship between age and body weight of the fish are derived from lengthweight relationship and age-length relationship.
The southern part of the East China Sea under age 1.9 W(subscript t)=291.3[1-e(superscript -1.2070(t-0.29))]^3 over age 1.9 W(subscript t)=499.0[1-e(superscript -0.3452(t+1.79))]^3 Taiwan Strait under age 2.4 W(subscript t)=369.3[1-e(superscript -0.9779(t-0.22))]^3 over age 2.4 W(subscript t)=578.0[1-e(superscript -0.3752(t+1.33))]^3