草蝦苗以不同餌料餵鉰時之生長及生存率

Growth and Survival of Penaeus monodon Larvae Fed with Selected Food Organisms

雷淇祥(Chi-Hsiang Lei) ； 蘇惠美(Huei-Meei Su)

《臺灣水產學會刊》 12卷2期 (1985/12) Pp. 54-69

https://doi.org/10.29822/JFST.198512.0005

摘要

本文探討草蝦苗以各種濃度之Skeletonema costatum((0.25~2.0)×10^4cells/ml)，Chaetoceros gracilis ((1.0~10×10^4cells/ml)，Tetraselmis chuii ((0.25~5.0)×10^4cells/ml)，Isochrysis aff. Galbana ((1.0~20)×10^4cells/ml)，Dunaliella sp. (1.0~10)×10^4cells/ml)及Spirulina platensis (63~1000chains/ml)等單一或混合餌料藻及輪蟲Brachionus plicatilis（10~40隻/ml）餵飼時，自Z1至P1之生長及生存率。利用1ℓ之燒杯，裝入900ml海水（鹽度30~35‰）及25~30隻蝦苗後，將燒杯置於氣溫31~34℃、全暗之恒溫箱中，施以微量打氣。每天換水一次，換水時，將蝦苗移至另一含同濃度餌料及同溫海水之燒杯中，並觀察記錄蝦苗期及活存數；試驗進行至蝦苗變態爲P1時停止。結果顯示，除Dunaliella sp.及S.platensis外，以其餘任一餌料餵飼時，草蝦苗均能由Z1變態至P1；且除以T. chuii及低濃度之I. aff. galbana餵飼者外活存率均在50%以上。餌料濃度影響蝦苗之生長、生存率及變態時間之長短，在所測試濃度中以S. costatum (0.5~1.0)×10^4cells/ml，C. gracilis (8.0~10)×10^(4)cells/ml，T. chuii (2.0~5.0)×10^4cells/ml，I. aff. Galbana (16~20)×10^(4)cells/ml及B. plicatilis 10~40隻/ml爲最佳。輪蟲、Skeletonema、Tetraselmis、Chaetoceros及Isochrysis均適合作爲草蝦苗眼幼蟲期之餌料，而前三者亦適合作爲糠蝦期之餌料。以Tetraselmis爲餌者，蝦苗較大，變態所需時間較短。混合二種藻類與單一藻類之餌料效益間無顯著性差異。

並列摘要

The growth and survival of Penaeus monodon larvae from Z1 to P1,fed with six species of microalgae singly or in combination and one species of rotifer at different concentrations, were studied at air temperature 31~34℃ (water temperature 29~32℃). The test concentrations of the microalgae and rotifer were: Skeletonema costatum (0.25~20)×10^4cells/ml, Chaetoceros gracilis (1.0~10)×10^4cells/ml, Tetraselmis chuii (0.25~5.0)×10^4cells/ml, Isochrysis aff. Galbana (1.0~20)×10^4cells/ml, Dunaliella sp. (1.0~10)×10^4cells/ml, Spirulina platensis 63~1,000 chains/ml and Brachionus plicatilis10~40Ind./ml. The larvae of P. monodon developed from Z1 to P1 when fed on anyone of the test food organisms except Dunaliella sp. and S. platensis, and the survival rates of P1 exceeded 50% except those fed on T. chuii and low concentrations of I. aff. galbana. Brachionus, Skeletonema, Tetraselmis, Chaetoceros and Isochrysis were all suitable as food for zoeal larvae, and the former three were also suitable as food for mysis larvae. The larvae fed with Tetraselmis developed faster and grew larger than those fed with other test food organisms. The difference in the growth and survival were non-significant between the larvae fed microalgae singly and those fed microalgae in two-species combinations.