Kaoping River,171 km in length,is the second long river in Taiwan.In orderto understand the ecology and resources of fishes in Kaoping River,field surveyhave been carried out since 1990.A total of 116 fish species were recorded,including 35 species from freshwater area and 81 species from brackish waterarea.Amongst the fish species found,12 are endemic species and 4 of them areon the list of conservative species.These information reveals that Kaoping Riveris the most important habitate of river fishes in southern Taiwan.