Analysis of Generalized Dynamic Models of Demand for Fishery Products in Taiwan

臺灣水產品需求一般化動態模型之分析

李家銘(Jie-Min Lee) ； 廖聖惠(David S. Liao) ； 黃琮琪(Tsorng C. Hwang)

《臺灣水產學會刊》 30卷3期 (2003/09) Pp. 241-251

https://doi.org/10.29822/JFST.200309.0005

摘要

保存已鑑定過的品種為有效的管理種源庫遺傳資源的重要起步之一，傳統上種魚的鑑定依賴外觀、解剖、及生態等生物形質作為分類的依據，本研究運用隨機擴增多樣性核苷酸(RAPD)指紋標記分析研究台灣本土原生種塘虱魚(C.fuscus)，非洲塘虱魚(C.mossambicus)及泰國塘虱魚(C.batrachus)等三種塘虱魚的遺傳變異，以確保保存之台灣本土原生種塘虱魚品系純正。以200個寡核苷酸引子進行聚核苷連鎖反應分析，篩選得16個隨機引子產生可重複的去氧核醣核苷酸片段圖譜，依據核苷酸片段代表基因座共享的方法分析捕獲野生台灣本土原生種塘虱魚的遺傳變異。分析顯示單個引子產生的RAPD標記數平均在7.18-9.62個表現核苷酸片段染色帶之間，而其擴增核苷酸片段分子大小介於300-2000 bp間。隨機擴增多樣性核苷酸圖譜顯示，三種不同塘虱魚甚至不同水域捕獲的台灣本土原生種塘虱魚，皆顯示不同層次的多樣性。來自頭前溪及高屏溪的台灣本土原生種塘虱魚遺傳多樣性分別為58.44％及40.85％，人工育種的純台灣本土原生種塘虱魚遺傳多樣性為58.12％。三個不同來源原生種塘虱魚（頭前溪、高屏溪及人工育種）的遺傳異質性(heterozygosity)估計分別為0.46691、0.31061及0.44493，此意謂著生存於自然水域中的台灣本土原生種塘虱魚之數量可能處於族群衰減(population decline)狀態。分析台灣本土原生種塘虱魚、非洲塘虱魚及泰國塘虱魚三種品種間之遺傳相似係數(F)，台灣本土原生種塘虱魚對非洲塘虱魚及泰國塘虱魚之F值分別為0.66459及0.58789，而非洲塘虱魚對泰國塘虱魚之間則為0.60895；分析台灣本土原生種塘虱魚來自三個不同來源（頭前溪、高屏溪及人工育種）的種內遺傳相似係數則分別為0.92959（頭前溪vs.高屏溪）、0.81630（頭前溪vs.人工育種）及0.76593（高屏溪vs.人工育種）。依據遺傳相似係數(F)估算，頭前溪與高屏溪的塘虱魚具93％相似度，若與非洲塘虱魚比較只具66％相似度，與泰國塘虱魚比較僅具59％相似度，此點顯示台灣本土原生種塘虱魚的基因庫尚未因棲息地破壞或雜交種的競爭而嚴重受到攪亂。

關鍵字

水產品 ； 一般化動態模型 ； 需求分析

並列摘要

Conservation of identified germplasm is an important component for efficient andeffective management of fish genetic resources.Traditionally,species identification hasrelied on morphological,anatomical and ecological characters.In this study we assessedRAPD markers for C.fuscus,C.mossambicus,and C.batrachus to provide a reliable DNAfingerprint for the preservation of the pure strain C.fuscus.Of 200 primers screened toprime PCR amplification of wild-caught C.fuscus,16 yielded reproducible DNA bands.Genetic variation in wild caught C.fuscus was analyzed according to the fragment sharingmethod.Each primer generated an average of 7.18 to 9.62 scorable bands from eachpopulation.Bands ranged in size from 300 to 2000 bp.Different levels of polymorphismswere found both among the 3 Clarias species,and within C.fuscus samples from differentcollection sites.Samples from 2 sites(Touchien and Kaoping River)in the wild showed58.44% and 40.85% polymorphism,while long-term pure culture(Shiluo)showed 58.12%polymorphism.Heterozygosity was estimated as 0.46691,0.31061,and 0.44493,respectively.This might infer that Kaoping River population is on the decline.Genetic similaritycoefficients(F)were also tallied among the three species of C.fuscus,C.mossambicus,and C.batrachus.The F value comparing C.fuscus and C.mossambicus is 0.66459,between C.fuscus and C.batrachus it is 0.58789,and 0.60895 between C.mossambicusand C.batrachus.Three different populations of C.fuscus showed F values of 0.92959(Touchien vs.Kaoping),0.81630(Touchien vs.Shiluo),and 0.76593(Kaoping vs.Shiluo).On the basis of the similarity coefficient(F)sharing up to 93% between the Touchien Riverpopulation and the Kaoping River population,and sharing as little as 66% with C.mossambicus and 59% with C.batrachus,suggests that the wild C.fuscus gene pool is notthat highly compromised by the degradation of their habitats,nor by the competition ofhybrids.

並列關鍵字

Fishery Products ； Generalized Dynamic Models ； Demand Analysis