The Influence of Epistylis sp. on Osmotic, Ionic, and Respiratory Physiology of the Giant Freshwater Prawn, "Macrobrachium rosenbergii" in the Terminal-growth Stage

Epistylis sp.感染對終止成長症之淡水長臂大蝦血淋巴滲透壓、離子濃度及呼吸生理的影響

葉信平(Shinn-Pyng Yeh) ； 徐雅麗(Ya-Li Shiu) ； 邱謝聰(Shieh-Tsung Chiu) ； 徐榮彬(Jung-Ping Hsu) ； 鄭文騰(Win-Ton Cheng) ； 劉俊宏(Chun-Hung Liu)

《臺灣水產學會刊》 38卷3期 (2011/09) Pp. 175-185

https://doi.org/10.29822/JFST.201109.0001

摘要

本研究在分析患有終止成長症之雄性淡水長臂大蝦與其他形態之健康蝦子（包括橘螯雄蝦、藍螯雄蝦及雌蝦）之血淋巴滲透壓、離子濃度及呼吸代謝的差異。此外，經人工破壞鰓部的蝦子也被用來分析上述之生理因子。藍螯雄蝦、橘螯雄蝦及雌蝦間，並沒有血淋巴滲透壓、離子濃度及呼吸代謝的明顯差異。但終止成長症之雄蝦血淋巴滲透壓、氯離子、鉀離子、鈉離子、鈣離子及鎂離子濃度卻明顯較其他形態雄蝦及雌蝦來得低。相對於其他形態的雄蝦及雌蝦，明顯較低的攜氧血藍素、蛋白質及明顯較高的血淋巴pH及PCO2亦發現於終止成長症之雄蝦。而無明顯差異的攜氧血藍素及蛋白質比率及血淋巴PO2，則被發現在所有蝦子間。組織病理分析顯示，終止成長症的雄蝦，因鰓部受Epistylis sp.的感染而受損，且有許多雜物附蓋於蝦子的鰓上。這些鰓部問題可能都是影響蝦子氣體交換、血淋巴滲透壓及離子調節的原因之一。蝦子鰓部經人工破壞後，其血淋巴滲透壓及離子調節明顯受到影響，但比較控制組蝦子，其呼吸代謝則沒有明顯差異。蝦子的鰓一般被認為是血淋巴滲透壓及離子代謝的主要器官，當蝦子的鰓被部份破壞後，其血淋巴滲透壓及離子濃度即明顯的下降。然而，因為只有部份鰓被破壞，因此呼吸代謝並無受到影響。這結果清楚的告知，終止成長症雄蝦血淋巴滲透壓、離子及呼吸生理改變，是因為鰓部受到損傷。

關鍵字

淡水長臂大蝦 ； 終止成長症 ； 鐘形蟲 ； 滲透壓 ； 離子 ； 呼吸代謝

並列摘要

Differences in osmolality, ion concentrations, and respiratory metabolism of the hemolymph were investigated in terminal-growth male and other morphotypes of healthy prawn, including males of orangeclaw and blue-claw, and females of the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. In addition, gill-injured prawns were also used to analyze those same parameters in this study. No significant differences in hemolymph osmolality, ion levels, or respiratory metabolism among blue-claw males, orange-claw males, and females were found. Hemolymph osmolality, chloride, potassium, sodium, calcium, and magnesium concentrations in terminal-growth males were significant lower than in other types of prawn. Significantly lower oxyhemocyanin and protein, and significantly higher hemolymph pH and PCO2 in terminal-growth males were found compared to other types of prawn. Insignificant differences in the ratio of oxyhemocyanin and protein, and in hemolymph PO2 among terminal-growth males and other types of prawn were recorded. Histopathological lesions in gills of terminal-growth males caused by an Epistylis sp. infestation and impurities covering the gills were found, that may have involved interference with gas exchange, hemolymph osmolality, and ion regulation. Prawns with partially injured gills had significantly decreased regulation of osmolality and ions in the hemolymph, but no significant change in respiratory metabolism compared to control prawn. Prawn gills are considered the main tissuefor hemolymph osmolality and ion regulation because hemolymph osmolality and ion levels of prawn decreased when gills of prawn were partially injured. However, respiratory metabolism was compensated for by normal gills in prawns with partially injured gills. The information obtained from this study adds to knowledge of prawn pathophysiology and may give a clearer profile of changes in hemolymph osmolality, ion concentrations, and respiratory metabolism caused by gill injury.

並列關鍵字

Macrobrachium rosenbergii ； Terminal growth ； Epistylis sp. ； Osmolality ； Ion ； Respiratory metabolism