軍事決策中倫理理論的功能與效用

Function and Utility of Ethics Theory in Military Decision

詹哲裕(Che-Yu Zhan) ； 余一鳴(Yi-Ming Yu)

《復興崗學報》 97期 (2010/03) Pp. 1-22

https://doi.org/10.29857/FHKAJ.201003.0001

摘要

「效率」是軍隊展現它們主要功能－有系統的運用武力－的憑藉。軍事人員在執行任務時，必須即時針對某些問題做決定，而許多問題的決定不僅涉及事實層面(facts)；更涉及價值層面(value)，都必然會涉及到道德哲學的問題。而倫理理論最有用的功能就是驅除道德論理的錯誤。熟悉各種倫理之論點，正可增強我們的倫理敏感度。同時，站在教育的立場，太講究所謂的「實用」，很可能使學生成為「落實其先輩錯誤的人」。除非以「理論」來協助我們研究各種經驗及榜樣，否則就沒有辦法把該經驗或榜樣消化。因此，本文首先說明軍事決策需要正確的直覺判斷，並據以說明倫理理論的功能－在使人敏感，及在為衝突的價值、標準排序；再試就反思性道德判斷（單一主體與眾多主體）說明倫理理論的運用，據於證明一位軍事決策者需要「反思的平衡」，以便在關鍵性的時刻做出符合反思性直覺的最佳決策。

關鍵字

軍事決策 ； 倫理兩難 ； 倫理理論 ； 倫理價值 ； 軍事倫理決策

並列摘要

Military personnel must make the decision immediately while executing the task, and the decisions of a lot of questions not merely involve the aspect of facts; They involve the aspect of value. Tt will inevitably involve the question of ethical philosophy. And the most useful function of ethics theory is to drive away the mistake normally of the morals. Being familiar with the arguments of various ethics can strengthen our ethics sensitivity. Meanwhile, it is ”practical” to pay attention to the so-called one very much, and it will probably make students become ”implement wrong persons of their elder generations”. Unless it assists us to study various experiences and models with the ”the theory”, they have no idea to digest this experience or model. So, this text proves military decision needs correct intuition to judge at first, and in order to explain the function of the ethics theory, decision makers must be sensitive. It proves that military policy makers must strike a balance in decision making.

並列關鍵字

Military Decision ； Ethics theory ； Ethics value