The Global Social Conflicts and Its Governance: In the Case of Internet Terrorism

全球衝突及其管理：以網路恐怖主義為案例

簡嘉宏(Dennis Chia-Hon Chien)

《復興崗學報》 102期 (2012/12) Pp. 305-332

https://doi.org/10.29857/FHKAJ.201212.0013

摘要

本論文旨在將「社會衝突」概念類比到「全球社會衝突」論述中，並藉由全球治理相關理論來探討網路恐怖主義案例。根據社會學家Lewis Coser所著《The Functions of Social Conflict》一書， 「社會衝突」除了扮演釋放社會緊張的「安全閥」角色外，亦為區分社會中「我群」（we-group）與「他群」（others-groups）的工具。基此，群體間的衝突往往更能激化各自群體內共同意識的建立與凝聚。衝突發生的時機多屬「管理正當性缺乏」時，國際衝突亦然。英國學派中所探討的「秩序」（order）概念即附屬於「正當性」演進過程中的內容改變；管理規則的正當性越充足，秩序越容易維持。恐怖主義的研究需要科技整合，以免陷入單一視角觀察所產生的疏漏與偏頗。21世紀的全球化（國際）社會中，網路的連結讓恐怖主義的散播更為容易、迅速；如何瞭解網路恐怖攻擊的背後成因與事先預防成為吾人無法逃避的責任。本文嘗試以全球治理理論來探討在這個高度網路連結的全球社會中，如何有效降低全球衝突的發生率，並對抗網路恐怖主義。

關鍵字

社會衝突 ； 恐怖主義 ； 網際網絡 ； 全球治理

並列摘要

This article begins with the analysis of concept from ”social conflicts” to ”global social conflicts” and then goes on to explore the internet terrorism based on the theory of global governance.According to Lewis Coser's The Functions of Social Conflict, the role of ”social conflicts” is not only a safety-valve to release the intensive social tensions but an effective way to distinguish the ”we-group” and ”others-groups” in a society. Conflicts happened when the legitimacy of rules is absent or less-accepted. In this case, to strengthen the contents of legitimacy seems the best way to reduce the occurrence of conflict, and it may also applicable to international conflicts. The main idea of the English School is the revolution of the international world and its emphasis of the order. Order exists when legitimacy stands firm. In contrast, Michael Mann's ”interstitial” space toward traditional institutions resulted in the absence of internet regulation is thus worthy of our further investigation.In the third part of this paper, the author thus argues that the concept of global governance may be the suitable remedy to cure this ”interstitial” problem and to manage other international conflicts in the 21st century as well.

並列關鍵字

social conflicts ； terrorism ； internet ； global governance