論法治國原則下的軍隊－從統帥權與軍隊國家化談起

A Study on the Armed Forces under the Principle of the Rule of Law Nation-From the Power of Supreme Command and the Nationalization of Military

范聖孟(Seng-Meng Fan)

《復興崗學報》 104期 (2014/06) Pp. 25-48

摘要

我國憲法第36條「總統統率全國陸海空軍」及第138條「全國陸海空軍，須超出個人、地域及黨派關係以外，效忠國家，愛護人民」之規定為建構我國軍隊國家化的憲法主要依據，在國民主權原則下，國家所有統治權力皆應直接或間接地來自人民，並將最具國家實力代表性的軍隊交由依民主程序所產生的總統指揮，總統雖享有行使憲法上的軍隊統帥權，但仍應依法指揮並受國會監督，而受指揮的軍隊在服從命令的同時亦應超出個人、地域及黨派關係之外，效忠國家，並不得作為任何黨派及個人的政爭工具，此不僅揭櫫了「軍隊國家化」的概念，在國防二法通過後更明確釐清過去長久以來在統帥權下軍政與軍令系統間的緊張關係與矛盾現象，真正落實文人政治下的軍隊一元化，本文就憲法觀點，對於同屬大陸法系的我國、日本及德國作相關說明及介紹。

關鍵字

法治國原則 ； 軍隊 ； 統帥權 ； 軍隊國家化 ； 中華民國憲法

並列摘要

Articles 36, 138 of the Constitution of the Republic of China provides that the president shall have supreme command of the land, sea and air forces of the whole country and the land and shall be above personal, regional, or party affiliations, shall be loyal to the state, and shall protect the people. It is regarded as a main basis of the constitution to construct the armed forces of the country. The national ruling power shall all come from the people directly or indirectly under the principle of national sovereignty. People left the military power to the president which was elected by democratic processes. Although the president has the power of supreme command, he should still be subject to law and congressional oversight. All the soldiers should belong to no political party and no individual should make use of armed forces as an instrument in a struggle for political powers. The relationship between the military administration and command system was clarified that the military command should be under control of the military administration system after the National Defense Act and Organization Act of the Ministry of National Defense was passed.

並列關鍵字

Principle of the Rule of Law Nation ； Armed Forces ； Power of supreme command ； Nationalization of Military ； Constitution of the Republic of China