精神障礙犯罪者與監護處分關聯之法制探討－兼論其判斷疑義及治療

Discussion on the Legal System Related to Mental Disorder Criminals and Custodial Protection-the doubt of judgment and treatment

劉育偉(Liu, Yu-Wei)

《復興崗學報》 119期 (2021/12) Pp. 91-118

摘要

近年來，幾乎社會重大矚目案件，多有精神抗辯而受保安處分之情，其中監護處分即係為刑法第19條、第20條而設計，雖然並不屬於「刑罰」，而是另一種矯治處遇，其立法目的更是希望藉由監護、保護及治療等方式，將精神障礙犯罪者予以隔離並加以治療，以期重返社會及家庭，其裁量權在法官，由法院介入，包含了司法體系與精神醫療體系分流之功能；因此，現行刑法對於精神病犯仍有監護處分處遇制度之適用，對於是類人員究竟是「治療」，抑或是「教化」，擺盪於令人混淆之窘境，而均有學術與實務不同意見思辨之餘地，本文先從刑法第19條、監護法制沿革觀點，探討精神障礙犯罪者教化可能性疑義、醫療認定與法律行為之對照、精神障礙監護處分實務運作現況及他國作法等項，據以引導了解對精神障礙監護處分之適當作為，並提供具體建議。

關鍵字

精神障礙 ； 監護 ； 教化 ； 治療 ； 矯正

並列摘要

In recent years, most of the major criminal cases attracted social attention have often been sentenced to rehabilitative measures due to mental defenses. In rehabilitative measures, the so-called custodial protection is a system designed for Article 19 and Article 20 of the Criminal Law. Although it is not a ＂penalty,＂ it is still another corrective punishment. More precisely, its legislative purpose is to isolate and treat mental disorder criminals through guardianship, protection, and treatment, so that the criminals can return to society and their families. The discretion of custodial protection belongs to the judge. By intervening by the court, it includes the function of separating the judicial system from the mental medical system. As a result, the current criminal law still applies to the custodial protection treatment system for mentally ill criminals. For these mental patients, whether it is ＂treatment＂ or ＂rehabilitation＂ is in a confusing dilemma, and there is room for debate on academic and practical perspectives.. This article began with the legal evolution of Article 19 of the Criminal Law and custodial protection, discussed the doubts about the possibility of enlightenment of criminals with mental disorders, the comparison between medical identification and legal behavior, the current status of mental disorder custodial protection, and the practices of other countries. This article aimed to understand the appropriate actions of custodial protection for mental disorders and provide concrete suggestions.

並列關鍵字

mental disorders ； custodial protection ； rehabilitation ； treatment ； correction