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從金屬礦石可開採品位的觀點談重金屬污泥資源化之潛力

An overview on the recycling potentiality of heavy metal- containing sludge with focus on recovery of metal values in large quantities

摘要


在全球資源日漸匱乏的今日,產業為達永續發展多再尋求如何應用最少的原物料成本,以創造資源價值的最大化及多元化,而自廢棄物中回收開發有價再生資材的思維,提供了產業一個降低原物料消耗與創造高盈餘價值的新選擇。以台灣事業機構每年申報約9萬噸重金屬污泥為例,污泥中許多金屬之存在度(如銅、鎳等),超過天然礦石開採品位的下限(銅:0.5%;鎳:1%),若含重金屬污泥廢棄物能經過適當的處理、分選、純化及冶鍊,則污泥中的有價資源將可以轉化為金屬資源進行回收及再製,不僅可以因再生資源的市場價值而獲取額外的產業收入,亦能協助解決廣大的重金屬污泥廢棄物處置問題,因此無論在環境保護或永續經營的前提下,重金屬污泥資源化將逐步取代傳統的固化處理市場。由於污泥資源化的推動與污泥產源、特性及產生量有密不可分的關連性,因此本文首先介紹國內重金屬污泥廢棄物背景,其次,藉由污泥主要產源事業(含印刷電路板業、金屬表面處理業與皮革業)現地調查所建立的廢棄物產生因數,推估國內重金屬污泥的總量,使業界易於掌握污泥產出訊息。文末,藉由產業策略面與技術面之需求,淺談自重金屬污泥中回收再生金屬之市場潛力與可行的資源化技術,冀能提高業者資源化市場的投入誘因。

並列摘要


Due to the shortage of available resource, Industries Research and Sustainable Development efforts have been directed towards finding reusable materials and maximize valuable levels for waste minimization and utilizations. Industrial plants in Taiwan generated more than 90,000 tones of heavy metal- containing sludge by wastewater treatment process annually. Most of heavy-metal containing sludge contained as much as 3.9% copper and 1.7% nickel, that appeared copper and nickel concentrations in such sludge were higher than the lowest requirement for metallurgy (copper> 1%; nickel> 0.5%). Hence, development of suitable metallurgical process for metal extracting from such metal-bearing sludge is economically feasible.

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