以滲透蒸發技術分離醇類水溶液技術之研究

A High Efficiency Pervaporation Process for Dehydration of Alcohol Solutions

陳登鑑(T. C. Chen) ； 陳泰翔(T. S. Chen) ； 巫柔誼(J. I. Wu) ； 黃耀輝(Y. H. Huang)

《鑛冶：中國鑛冶工程學會會刊》 57卷3期 (2013/09) Pp. 93-103

https://doi.org/10.30069/MM.201309_57(3).0010

摘要

本研究利用滲透蒸發技術，以馬來酸為交聯劑之商業化PVA/PAN複合膜，分別使用B3，B4，B5三種膜做測試，分離有機溶劑水溶液，如乙醇，異丙醇，及丁醇水溶液。又以SEM，FT-IR，TGA分析薄膜的表面型態、化學結構及熱穩定性。在PV滲透蒸發膜選擇研究上，以溫度70℃的含水率5%有機水溶液以滲透蒸發方式分離，發現B3膜的分離效果遠遠高過於其他兩種膜，因此日後研究以B3膜最佳選擇。以滲透蒸發分離有機溶劑水溶液，其含水率，溫度及有機物分子量大小，均可影響質傳通量及選擇係數。由實驗結果顯示，乙醇的選擇係數約為20～191，質傳通量0.03～1.25 kg／m^(2)h；異丙醇的選擇係數為最高，為115～4500，而質傳通量為最低0.06～0.84 kg／m^(2)h；丁醇的選擇係數為314～2167，質傳通量0.12～0.60 kg／m^(2)h。

關鍵字

PV滲透蒸發 ； 分離係數 ； 有機水溶液純化 ； 廢溶劑回收

並列摘要

In this research we manufactured three hybrid membranes composed of polyvinylalcohol and polyacrylonitrile crosslinked respectively by maleic anhydride (B3 membrane), glutaric dialdehyde, and formaldehyde. The structure and thermal stability of the membranes were determined by scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Then, we used a pervaporation (PV) method to dehydrate alcohol solutions (ethanol, isopropanol, and n-butanol) using the three hybrid membranes. The PV tests were carried out at 70℃ with the water level in the feed solution fixed at 5 wt%. Results showed that both the separation factor and the PV separation index were much higher with the B3 membrane than with the other two membranes. Our tests were then focused on the B3 membrane to determine how the water concentration and the system temperature affect the dehydration performance. Test results showed that the separation factor increased as the total flux, water concentration, and the operation temperature decreased. The highest separation factor is 191 for the ethanol solution, 4500 for the isopropanol solution, and 2167 for the n-butanol solution when the temperature is fixed at 50℃ and the water concentration at 1 wt%.

並列關鍵字

PVA/PAN hybrid membrane ； pervaporation ； dehydration