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利用EBSD分析盲孔填充之各階段的電鍍銅微結構

EBSD Characterization of Blind Hole Fillings by Electrolytic Cu Deposition

摘要


為了滿足電子工業對元件更快速及小封裝體積的追求,三維積體電路(three-dimensional integrated circuit, 3DIC)和多層印刷電路板(printed circuit board, PCB)上之高密度互連(high density interconnection, HDI)技術近年快速發展。使用電鍍銅來填充通孔(through hole)或盲孔(blind hole),以形成各導線層的縱向連結線路是其中至為關鍵的步驟。由於電鍍銅的微結構特徵往往決定了電鍍銅填孔的信賴度,因此在鍍銅填孔技術中,有關電鍍銅的微結構/晶體特徵是亟需被建立的。本研究藉由場發射掃描式電子顯微鏡(field-emission scanning electron microscope, FE-SEM),並搭配電子背向散射繞射(electron backscatter diffraction, EBSD)分析技術,以深入探討電鍍銅用於盲孔填充之形貌與晶體結構特徵。研究結果顯示,電鍍銅的沉積過程大致可區分為三個時期:(1)沉積初期(t=20-25min),電鍍銅係以共構(conformal)方式沉積;(2)向上沉積期(t=25-35min),電鍍銅由盲孔底部快速沉積向上;(3)沉積末期(t=35-80min),電鍍銅沉積至孔口時速度趨緩,最終孔銅則與面銅趨於整平。EBSD分析結果顯示,電鍍銅在沉積初期主要以[111]||TD(TD: transverse direction)取向進行沉積。在向上沉積期,電鍍銅改以[111]||TOA(~20°)取向為主。在沉積末期,電鍍銅則轉以[111]||RD+[101]||RD(RD: rolling direction)為主要擇優取向。本研究承接過去通孔的研究,初步建立盲孔填充之電鍍銅微結構隨電鍍時間之演進情形。此一寶貴知識將可增進吾人對盲孔填充的瞭解,並提供電子工業之金屬化填孔再精進的重要參考依據。

並列摘要


Blind hole (BH) electrolytic Cu filling is widely used in high density interconnection (HDI) technology for advanced printed circuit boards (PCBs). We studied the morphological and crystal lographic evolutions of the electrolytic Cu fillings using an optical microscope (OM) and a field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) equipped with an electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis system. We observed that the BH Cu fillings went through three different deposition regimes: (1) the initial deposition regime (t=20-25 min), (2) the bottom up deposition regime (t=25-35 min), and (3) the final deposition regime (t=35-80 min). EBSD analyses showed that the Cu grains were predominantly oriented along [111]||TD (TD: transverse direction) in the initial deposition regime. In the bottom up deposition regime, [111] Cu grains were predominantly oriented along the ~20° takeoff angle direction. In the final deposition regime, the [111]||RD+[101]||RD (RD: rolling direction) orientations became dominant. These observations clarified the microstructural/crystallographic characteristics of electrolytic Cu fillings in the BH structure.

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