臺灣保護區經營管理效能評量五個個案的分析與解讀

Evaluating the Management Effectiveness of the Protected Areas in Taiwan Analysis and Interpretation of 5 Case Studies

盧道杰(Dau-Jye Lu) ； 趙芝良(Chih-Liang Chao) ； 闕河嘉(Ho-Chia Chueh) ； 高千雯(Chieh-Wen Kao) ； 張雅玲(Ya-Ling Chang) ； 張弘毅(Hung-Yih Chang)

《地理學報》 62期 (2011/08) Pp. 73-105

https://doi.org/10.6161/jgs.2011.62.04

摘要

本研究採用世界自然基金會（World Wild Fund for Nature，簡稱WWF）發展出來的「保護區經營管理快速評量與優先設定法」（The Rapid Assessment and Prioritization of Protected Areas Management Methodology，簡稱RAPPAM），評量淡水河紅樹林自然保留區、新竹市濱海野生動物保護區、瑞岩溪野生動物重要棲息環境與大武臺灣油杉自然保護區等四個保護區的經營管理效能，並加入較早評量之宜蘭縣無尾港水鳥保護區，共同分析討論。綜合評量結果，五個保護區面臨的威脅壓力最常見的是經營管理機制的內部問題，其次為污染，再次之為生物資源的不當使用與物種入侵。經營管理效能方面，鄰近都會的保護區普遍在經營管理效能評量上得分較低。此外，經營管理主題以「經營管理目標」、「基礎設施」和「經營管理決策」等三項相對較佳，而「經營管理計畫」、「員工」與「財務」則相對較差；由地方政府經營管理的保護區在「財務」和「基礎建設」兩項與林務局經營管理者有明顯的對比。整體而言，五個保護區普遍有偏重硬體設施建設，而輕忽管理人力的現象。

關鍵字

RAPPAM ； 效能評量 ； 參與式評量 ； 威脅壓力分析 ； 權益關係人分析

並列摘要

This research used the Rapid Assessment and Prioritization of Protected Areas Management Methodology (RAPPAM) to evaluate the management effectiveness for five protected areas: the Tamsui River Mangrove Nature Reserve, the Hsinchu City Coastal Wildlife Refuge, the Rueiyan River Major Wildlife Habitat, the Dawu Taiwan Keteleeria Forest Reserve, and the Wu-wei-kang Wildlife Refuge which had evaluated. The study revealed that inappropriate management, pollution, unsustainable use of biological resources, and invasion of alien species are the major pressures of the five protected areas and likely to become the main threats. Of the protected areas evaluated that those located in the suburbs of urban areas tend to score lower in the evaluation than those are far away. In terms of their strengths of management subjects, clearly defined management objectives, adequate infrastructures, and management decision making are identified during the evaluation. The major weaknesses include a lack of comprehensive management plans, and insufficient human and financial resources. In particular, it appears that type of management unit (local or central government) forms the divided point of the evaluation resulting in the subjects of finance and infrastructure. Overall, the management bodies of the five cases often invest much more in infrastructure than in human resources.

並列關鍵字

RAPPAM ； effectiveness evaluation ； participatory evaluation ； threat-pressure analysis ； stakeholder analysis