亞熱帶小型高山河川的物質輸出之研究發展與意涵－回顧與展望

臺灣脆弱的地質、持續的造山運動復加颱風的侵凌，形成山地集水區坡陡流急的地貌，也導致集水區在遭受內、外營力時，都具有快速反應與停留時間短的特性。這樣的自然地理條件造就了亞熱帶小型高山河流特殊的生物地球化學過程。總的來說，這類集水區都具有高物理侵蝕率、高化學風化率、河川中的營養鹽濃度低、物質輸出通量大（颱風佔比高）等特性。本文整理了小型高山河川在水文反應、物理侵蝕與碳封存、化學風化與碳匯以及氮、碳營養鹽輸出等四個方面的特性。表明臺灣的小型高山河川研究尤其是與颱風相關的研究很容易吸引國際科研社群的目光，也是全球整合研究不可或缺的一塊重要拼圖。展望小型高山河川的研究，未來可從兩條重要的科研發展脈絡下持續精進。一是偏向單純科學研究的關鍵區研究取向，另一是強調與人文科學結合的永續科學研究取向。這樣的精進不但可以了解小型高山河川對於全球生物地球化學的影響力也可以強化永續發展之科學基礎。

關鍵字

小型高山河川；水文反應；物理侵蝕；化學風化；營養鹽傳輸

並列摘要

Taiwan, located at the tectonically active juncture and lying within so-called ＂Typhoon Alley＂, is characterized by steep landscape and torrential rainfall. Therefore, the surface processes within those subtropical small mountainous rivers (SMRs) to internal and external forcing present rapid responses and short residence time and then appear to different biogeochemical processes from other regions. In this study, we reviewed the characteristics of rainfall-runoff, physical erosion, chemical weathering and nutrient transports in subtropical SMRs. All processes are highly relevant to carbon cycle and sustainable development. We concluded that the studies associated with SMRs are an important piece in global puzzle and appealing attractive to international scientific communities due to their disproportional and effective substance exports. Prospectively, two directions might be worthwhile to advance, one is the critical zone approach which aims to understand the surface processes from a holistic integrity. The other is to follow the sustainable development goals approach which addresses the stakeholder engagement. Such two kinds of the advances could improve our understanding of SMRs and also strengthen the scientific basis for searching pathways of sustainable development.

並列關鍵字

small mountainous rivers (SMRs) ； hydrological responses ； physical erosion ； chemical weathering ； nutrient export

參考文獻

Lee, T. Y., L. C. Lee, J. C. Huang, and F. Zehetner. 2019b. Dissolved organic carbon flux from three subtropical mountainous rivers in Taiwan and the implications in the Era of climate change. Journal of Geographical Research 71: 79-105, doi: 10.6234/JGR.201911_(71).0005

Chang, C. T., C. E. Song, L. C. Lee, S. C. Chan, C. S. Liao Y. S., Liou, J. M. Chiang, S. F. Wang, and J. C. Huang. 2021. Influence of landscape mosaic structure on nitrate and phosphate discharges: An island-wide assessment in subtropical mountainous Taiwan. Landscape and Urban Planning 207: 104017, doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2020.104017

Goldsmith, S. T., A. E. Carey, W. B. Lyons, S. J. Kao, T. Y. Lee, and J. Chen. 2008. Extreme storm events, landscape denudation, and carbon sequestration: Typhoon Mindulle, Choshui River, Taiwan. Geology36 (6): 483-6, doi: 10.1130/G24624A.1

Huang, J. C., S. J. Kao, C. Y. Lin, P. L., Chang, T. Y. Lee, and M. H. Li. 2011. Effect of subsampling tropical cyclone rainfall on flood hydrograph response in a subtropical mountainous catchment. Journal of Hydrology 409 (1-2): 248-61, doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.08.037

Huang, J. C., C. C. Lin, S. C. Chan, T. Y. Lee, S. C. Hsu, C. T. Lee, and J. C. Lin. 2012a. Stream discharge characteristics through urbanization gradient in Danshui River, Taiwan: Perspectives from observation and simulation. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 184 (9): 5689-703, doi: 10.1007/s10661-011-2374-2

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亞熱帶小型高山河川的物質輸出之研究發展與意涵－回顧與展望

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