莫拉克颱風災後永久屋基地之建成環境特徵分析

Built Environment Characteristic of the Permanent Housing Settlement After Typhoon Morakot

蔡松倫(Sung-Lun Tsai) ； 曾敏惠(Min-Hui Tseng) ； 鄧傳忠(Chuan-Zhong Deng) ； 落合知帆(Chiho Ochiai)

《地理學報》 101期 (2022/04) Pp. 55-84

https://doi.org/10.6161/jgs.202204_(101).0004

摘要

2009年的莫拉克颱風對臺灣造成前所未見的嚴重災情。災後，在臺灣中南部受災縣市相繼建設新的永久屋社區，然而目前關於災後重建之研究多僅限於單一永久屋社區之案例分析，缺乏以全體的視角分析全臺各永久屋社區之建成環境特徵。為此，本研究以二手資料調查以及半結構式訪談調查，針對搬遷戶與受災社區之遷移數量、型態、距離，以及永久屋社區之數量、設計與規劃等建成環境相關議題作深入探討。研究發現，高雄市、屏東縣、嘉義縣以及臺東縣為災後重建之主要區域，受災聚落之遷移類型並非單純的以單一受災社區遷移到單一永久屋基地，而是有分割以及統合的現象，而因為建設時間以及預算的限制，部分縣市並未能夠達成中央政府提出「離災不離村、離村不離鄉」的搬遷原則。永久屋社區的配置型態則與社區整體戶數、基地形狀與各利益關係人之互動而有所不同，政府的非都市開發相關法規亦會限制永久屋規劃上的面積。因此，本研究建議災後重建的規劃，應該要妥善衡量地方政府之能量，配合靈活的溝通機制，以及納入居民的參與，才能在重建過程中打造更為韌性的社區。

關鍵字

莫拉克颱風 ； 災後重建 ； 建成環境 ； 設計規劃

並列摘要

In 2009, Typhoon Morakot brought unprecedented severe disasters to Taiwan. After the disaster, new permanent housing settlements were built in the disaster-stricken counties in central and southern Taiwan. However, the current research on post-disaster reconstruction is mostly limited to the cases of single permanent housing settlements. The analysis lacks an overall perspective to analyze the built environment characteristics of the permanent housing communities in Taiwan. To address this issue, this study uses second-hand literature surveys and semi-structured interviews to conduct thorough discussions on the number, type, and distance between relocated settlements and the affected communities, as well as the number, design, and planning of permanent housing communities. This study found that Kaohsiung City, Pingtung County, Chiayi County, and Taitung County are the main areas for post-disaster reconstruction. The type of migration of disaster-stricken communities is not merely the one-to-one pattern but includes divided and integrated patterns. Due to construction time and budget constraints, some counties and cities could not achieve the central government's relocation principle-relocated householders closer to the original settlement. The layout of the permanent housing settlements is related to the number of households in the settlement. The configuration of the settlements is also interrelated with the shape and size of the construction site, as well as the interactions among different stakeholders. Moreover, government regulations also limited the size of permanent housing planning. Therefore, this study suggests that the central government should not overestimate local governments' capability and rush for achievements. residents' participation, should be established to create a more resilient post-disaster community.

並列關鍵字

Typhoon Morakot ； post-disaster reconstruction ； built environment ； design planning

參考文獻

陳俞安 2012。 從規劃者觀點看災後重建規劃過程中的災民參與-以莫拉克颱風災後永久屋規劃為例 。 , doi : 10.6844/NCKU.2012.00877 °

謝志誠 、 傅從喜 、 陳竹上 、 林萬億 2012。 一條離原鄉愈來愈遠的路 ? : 莫拉克颱風災後異地重建政策的再思考。臺大社工學刊 26 : 41-86, doi : 10.6844/NCKU.2012.00877 °

Amaratunga, D, and R. Haigh. 2011. Post-disaster reconstruction of the built environment : Rebuilding for resilience. US : John Wiley & Sons, doi : 10.1002/9781444344943.fmatter.

Barenstein, J. D. 2013. Communities @@$$ perspectives on housing reconstruction in Gujarat following the earthquake of 2001. In Post-disaster reconstruction and change : Communities @@$$ perspectives, eds. J. E. D. Barenstain and E. Leeman 71-100. FL : CRC Press, doi : 10.1201/b13027-5.

Charlesworth, E., and I. Ahmed. 2015. Sustainable housing reconstruction Designing resilient housing after natural disasters. London : Routledge, doi : 10.4324/9781315735412.