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台灣地區婦女生育表的建構與人口成長率之探討

On Constructing the Fertility Table and Exploring the Population Growth Rate in Taiwan

摘要


以往在探討人類生育模型時,均視婦女年齡爲基軸點,台灣近年來由於經濟發展快速及女性受教育機會提升等因素影響,生育小孩的數量已不單純取決於婦女的生育能力,而常取決於夫婦的共同決策,導致生育率峰低。因此,年齡在決定生育方面就不再是最重要的因素,胎次反而成爲生育模式之主軸。本文以胎次做爲研究婦女生育的基本要素,採用生命表的方法,根據生育胎次來總結生育過程,我們利用歷年「內政部臺閩地區人口統計」嬰兒胎次出生人數表(1976-2006),以世代婦女生育胎次追蹤方法建構2006年台灣地區生育表,再以此爲基礎,求得以2006胎次生育狀況爲基準之人口成長率、世代長度,世代總生育率。本研究所建構之2006年台灣地區婦女生育表顯示0胎次平均家庭擴充等待時間爲2.00年,1胎次則爲1.42年,3、4胎次幾近於0。另從胎次遞進比(再產機率)亦可看出在2胎和3胎之間銳減,也說明著大部分婦女生育完第2胎就可能中止生育,這點由婦女平均生育率也得到相同結果。依據建構之2006年生育表,我們推算出2006年出生女性依據該年各胎次生育訊息終其一生有1.25個子女,其淨繁殖率爲0.602,意謂婦女依照此一淨繁殖率生育下一代,每1000個女性所生育下一代女性人口約會減少398個;平均世代間隔爲29.02年;人口的真實成長率爲-0.0174,即每1000個女性人口,每年會減少17.4個女性人口。就2006年而言,1976-1981出生世代婦女正值生育率高峰期,如何鼓勵其生育以維持人口穩定爲近程最重要的課題。

並列摘要


Since the economics development cause woman get more education in many developing countries, woman's age no longer plays exclusive role in determining reproduction, and birth order or parity of woman has emerged as an important factor in the formation of reproductive patterns of human population. Birth order instead of age of women is considered the basic variable in the study of human reproduction. In this study, a fertility table based on Taiwan data is constructed for illustration. The elements of the table serve to describe the fertility pattern of a female population; to determine the population distribution by completed family size; and to estimate the parity progression ratios, the parity specific fertility rates, the mean waiting time between the ith birth and the completion of family, and others. Based on the fertility table, a method of computing the net reproduction rate and the rate of population growth are proposed. The proposed rate is the rate of growth of female population per woman per year. The rate is positive, equal to zero or negative as a population is increasing, remaining stationary, or decreasing. The rate for the 2006 Taiwan female population was -0.0174. This means that the population was decreasing in 2006 and was losing 17.4 females for every 1000 women per year.

被引用紀錄


鄒幸純(2013)。採用生育補助之影響因素─以臺灣319個鄉鎮市為例〔碩士論文,淡江大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2013.01009
陳文意、周美伶、林玉惠、陳明吉(2013)。抑制房價以提高生育率:以台北都會區為例都市與計劃40(2),191-216。https://doi.org/10.6128/CP.40.2.191

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