臺灣巨峰葡萄之果芽形成

Fruit Bud Formation of the Kyoho Grapes (Vitis vinifera×V. labrusca) in Taiwan

康有德(Yeou-Der Kang)

《中國園藝》 22卷2期 (1976/03) Pp. 49-57

https://doi.org/10.6964/JCSHS.197603.0049

摘要

本試驗是以巨峰葡萄(Kyoho, Ishiharawase×Centennial)爲材料，求知在臺灣中部地區，在生長過程中，枝梢上各節芽中有的果芽開始分化的時期及其發育進度，以明瞭巨峰葡萄的結果如下：
1.巨峰葡萄枝梢上的芽，在四月三十日除基部與頂端的芽之外，其餘從第2芽到第8芽均已開始果芽分化；到五月三十日，不僅枝梢上的芽全部分化成果芽，並已有晨穗原始體(cluster primordium)出現，其中以第4及第6芽分化最爲進步。
2.以枝梢生長的長度來看，在枝梢生長有五節時，在第2~4節上的芽中卽已看見果芽分化；在看十五節長時，各節上的芽均有果芽分化，並以第5、6芽有分化最爲進步。
3.巨峰葡萄的枝梢，各節的芽均可以分化成爲果芽而有結果能力，而且在生長期中，臺灣的環境條件如溫度及日照時數等對於果芽分化均甚適宜。
4.爲配合一年三收，當可在五月下旬以後或枝梢生長到15節晨，進行摘心或修剪工作，可促進第二次的開花結實。

並列摘要

A study of fruit bud formation and fruiting characteristics of the Kyoho grapes (Vitis uinifera×V. labrusca) was made in 1974 and 1975 in order to meet the requirement of pinching and pruning as for three-crop a year cultivation in Taiwan. Results are summarized as follow:
1. Fruit bud differentiation on the shoot taken at April 30 have started except those of the basal and distal end one. All the bud on shoot taken at May 30 were fully differentiated, and the 4th and 6th buds showed more advanced development.
2. According to the shoot growing fruit bud initiation commenced as early as the shoot only five-node long. All the buds were fully differentiated and the primordial in bud which on the 5th and 6th node showed most development while the shoot fifteen-node in length.
3. Under Taiwan climatic condition, all buds on shoot of the Kyoho grapes were found capable of initiating fruit bud and fruiting.
4. As for the second crop of the three-crop a year production, shoots might be pinched or pruned by the end of May or at the time when shoot growing fifteen-node long.