番茄抗青枯病育種（Ⅰ）番茄品系間抗病性異及抗病機制之研究

Breeding of Tomato for Resistance to Bacterial Wilt Caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum (Ⅰ) Studies on the Varietal Difference and Mechanism of Tomato Resistance to Bacterial Wilt

林俊義(Chiien-Yih Lin) ； 蕭芳蘭(Fang-Lan Hsiao)

《中國園藝》 27卷1期 (1981/01) Pp. 10-20

https://doi.org/10.6964/JCSHS.198101.0010

摘要

利用剪刀剪葉法（剪刀浸於細菌懸浮後剪掉葉片）檢定番茄品系間對青枯病菌之反應甚爲簡便而有效。剪葉時宜剪除嫩葉較剪除老葉易於發病。比較剪除半葉及全葉時，全葉剪除較易發病。接種檢定番茄抗青枯病能力時，可採用多種不同青枯病菌菌系如代號爲64，68，47，41，27，21之混合液接種，以選拔不同菌系之番茄品系。因不同青枯病菌系在培養基上彼此無拮抗作用。以等量不同菌系之溶液混合接種在抗病或感病植株上時其發病率與單一系接種時相似。接種青枯病菌之濃度及番茄齡期與發病率有關，病菌濃度在10^5 cells/ml以上時發病率快而高。10^5 cell/ml以下則相反。原則上番茄齡期愈短，發病情形愈快速。但成株僅能延遲發病時間並不能增強其抗病力。
利用剪葉法檢定本場收集之3420番茄品系結果40%呈高度感病性，32%呈感病性，17%呈微感病性，9%呈抗病性，而僅約2%爲高度抗病性。高度抗病性品系如Up 1167, Vc 8-1-2-1, Plamar, Nematex等果實較小，品質低劣不適合本省栽培，擬做爲育種親本。研究番茄抗青枯病原因發現與聚血素(lectins)含量有關，高含量之聚血素存在於體內時，番茄呈抗病狀態，反之則否。

並列摘要

The leaf clipping technique (clipping off the leaf with pair of scissors dipped previously in a bacterial suspension) to test the resistance of tomato to Pseudomonas solanacearum is a simple and effective method. The position of the leaf inoculated by clipping significantly affected the disease development. Higher infection rate was obtained when younger leaves were cut than when older leaves were clipped Disease development was more rapid in plants inoculated by clipping off a whole a whole leaf than by half of a leaf.
Seven typical strains of Pseudomonas solanacearum including No. 68, No. 64, No. 41, No. 47, No. 27, and No. 21 were selected for testing the antagonistic reaction on agar medium and tomato plants. No inhibition zone was found when cultured these seven strain on nutrient medium. The disease indices observed on resistant lines (Up 1167 and Vc 8-1-2-1) and susceptible line (Manapal) inoculated with mixture of the seven strain suspensions was similar to those observed on same lines inoculated with single strain (No. 64) of Pseudomonas solancearum. This implied that the plants mult-resisting to different strains of Pseudomonas solanacearum could be selected by using the mixture inoculum of different strains.
Severity of the bacterial wilt was also affected by inoculum concen-tration of the pathogen and age of the host. Basically, the disease reading of inoculated plant was greatly increased when inoculum population were more that 10^5 cells./ml, The trial. of tomato age responsing to Pseudomonas solanacearum showed that the incubation period of pathogen in young plants was shorter than in old plants. The old plant, however, only delayed the disease development but not increase the resistance.
Of 3420 tomato lines, 40% were highly susceptible to Pseudomonas solanacearum, 32% were moderate susceptible, 17% were slightly susceptible, 9% were resistant and 2% were highly resistant. The highly resistant lines such as Up 1167, Vc 8-1-2-1, Plamar and Nematex existing the characteristics of small fruit, and bad quality were not suitable for growing in Taiwan. The resistance of tomato plants to Pseudomonas solanacearum was found to be a function of lectin contained in plant. Plants possessing, higher lectin showed higher resistance to pathogen.