‘農試文保一號'與1-MCP對文心蘭切花經模擬銷日運輸及檢疫燻蒸之保鮮效果

Effect of 'TARI's Onc 1' and 1-MCP on the Quality of Oncidium Cut Flowers after Simulated Transportation and Quarantine Fumigation

黃肇家(Chao-Chia Huang) ； 杜武俊(Wu-Chun Tu) ； 陳弘毅(Hon-Yi Chen) ； 蔡金玉(Chin-Yu Tsai) ； 賴淑芬(Shu-Fen Lai) ； 黃慧穗(Hui-Sui Huang)

《中國園藝》 49卷1期 (2003/03) Pp. 55-62

https://doi.org/10.6964/JCSHS.200303.0055

摘要

文心蘭切花外銷近年蓬勃發展，目前已成爲台灣第二大外銷切花，主要外銷日本，但因含蟲（主要爲蛾類幼蟲）約有20~30%會受日本燻蒸。本研究將文心蘭切花經模擬銷日運輸後以溴化甲烷（24.5g/立方公尺日本使用之劑量）燻蒸，結果對切花拍賣品質影響不大，但會降低瓶插壽命1~2日。文心蘭切花在運輸前以‘農試文保一號’與1-MCP(1-methvlcyclopropene)處理，可以提高受燻蒸切花之瓶插壽命1~2日同時提高瓶插品質，使其與未受燻蒸者相似。溴化甲烷燻蒸也降低花苞開張率以及提高黃化率，‘農試文保一號’與1-MCP處理可有效的改善，使其與未燻蒸者相似。在運輸前以防檢局所研發之減壓燻蒸處理，如以溴化甲烷(10g/立方公尺)混合磷化氫(3g/立方公尺)在低壓(250 torr)下燻蒸3小時，對文心蘭切花運輸後之品質及瓶插壽命之不利影響，比高劑量之溴化甲烷(24.5g/立方公尺)輕微，這些不利的影響以‘農試文保一號’與1-MCP處理均可有效的改善；對斜紋夜盜蟲、棉蚜、台灣花薊馬均有接近100%之致死率。減壓處理只加磷化氫(5g/立方公尺)燻蒸，對於斜紋夜盜蟲有100%致死率，對於棉蚜和台灣花薊馬於剛燻蒸後仍有少數(1.7~11.6%)存活；經模擬空運後，棉蚜與台灣花薊馬之存活率各降爲53%及0.0%，模擬海運後各降爲20%及0.3%。結果顯示適當的保鮮處理，可以改善文心蘭切花銷日受日本燻蒸之傷害，減壓燻蒸殺蟲效果良好，值得研發實用之方法，配合保鮮處理更可保障切花品質。

關鍵字

文心蘭 ； 前處理 ； 檢疫 ； 燻蒸 ； 模擬貯運

並列摘要

Exportation of Taiwan Oncidium cut flowers have been increasing rapidly in these few years. These flowers are mainly exported to Japan. 20~30% of them have been fumigated with MBr (methyl bromide 84.5g/m^3) due to plant pests. Their vase lives were shortened for about 1 to 2 days. In this study, a pretreatment called 'TARI's onc1' and 1-MCP (1-Methylcyclopropene) were used to prolong the vase life of these flowers which would be fumigated with MBr(24.5g/m^3) after transportation. The result indicated that the treatment not only increased the vase life of fumigated flowers for 1 to 2 days, but also improved the quality of flowers close to un-fumigated ones. Fumigations with the mixture of MBr (10g/m^3) and phosphine (3g/m^3), or only phosphine (5g/m^3) under low pressure (250 torr) before transportation were also tested. These low pressure fumigations shortened the vase life of Oncidium cut flower for about 0.5 to 1 days. Flowers fumigated with 'TARI's onc1' and 1-MCP under low pressure resulted in 100% mortality of Spodoptera litura、Aphis gossypii and Thrips hawaiiensis. Fumigation under low pressure with only phosphine (5g/m^3) also had about 100% mortality of Spodoptera litura and Aphis gossypii after simulated transportation. It was only 94.7% mortality of Thrips hawaiiensis.

並列關鍵字

Oncidium ； pretreatment ； quarantine ； fumigation ； simulated transportation