台灣各縣市是否存在經濟生產技術追趕？

本文主要目的在討論台灣服務業型態與非服務業型態的縣市是否存在不同的經濟生產技術，以及不同縣市間是否存在生產技術追趕現象；本研究利用共同邊界資料包絡法（meta-DEA）的求解，討論此兩種型態之縣市是否存在不同的經濟生產技術；其後透過Malmquist生產力變動指數的拆解，進一步討論兩種型態的縣市是否存在經濟生產技術的追趕。從2001年到2010年的求解結果發現，非服務業類型縣市之技術效率明顯低於服務業類型者，且其與共同邊界生產技術間存在明顯的技術落差，但服務業類型的縣市則無此現象，顯示兩種型態的縣市存在不同的經濟生產技術，從中也反映了台灣的城鄉差異；此外，非服務業型態縣市對於研究期間的台灣有較高的總要素生產力貢獻，而南部區域縣市普遍有技術追趕的發生，而技術追趕最積極的為台南市；最後，技術追趕指標平均數小於1則顯示台灣城鄉間差距有逐漸縮小的傾向。

關鍵字

技術效率；技術追趕；共同邊界資料包絡法； Malmquist指數

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is focusing on whether the heterogeneity and catch-up of economic production technology exist between Taiwan's service-typed and nonservice-typed cities and counties. We firstly apply the meta-DEA to investigate the heterogeneity of economic production technology between these two groups and then discuss their technology catch-up by de-compositing the Malmquist productivity index from 2001-2010. Our estimated results show that the production efficiencies of cities and counties in nonservice-typed group significantly lower than the ones in service-typed group, which indicates that the economic production technology heterogeneity exists between the nonservice-typed and service-typed cities and counties and also reflects the distance between urban and rural areas. Besides, the higher Malmquist productivity indexes from 2001-2010 of the cities and counties in nonservice-typed group than the service-typed ones also show that the former group contribute more to Taiwan's total factor productivity. In addition, the cities and counties in southern Taiwan caught up obviously and Tainan city is the one which caught up most actively. Finally, the average catch-up indexes are smaller than 1 in 2001-2010 also means that the distance between urban and rural areas has been shortening gradually.