主管人格特質及工作輪調對農會推廣部門經營效率影響之探討

本文首先進行全國基層農會的總幹事及推廣股長的問卷調查，蒐集推廣部門的固定資產使用比例及推廣股長的人格特質與工作輪調等資料；爾後，以2009~2011年192家農會推廣部門為研究對象衡量其經營效率，研究方法採用以產出距離函數為基礎的共同邊界模型。實證得到有趣的研究結果，首先，主管人格特質的差異對於推廣部門的效率有部份的顯著影響，擔任主管前的多次工作輪調，與股長專注推廣業務減少工作輪調，能有助於部門效率的提升；其次，推廣部門的共同技術效率為0.6007，鄉村型農會的共同技術效率均顯著高於都市型農會及混合型農會；推廣部門的技術缺口率為0.7458，鄉村型農會的生產技術水準顯著高於都市型農會；此外，共同技術效率及技術缺口率均有逐年惡化的情況。最後，效率不佳的推廣部門，應設法大幅增加各項的服務產出，首重於增加專案計畫的收入。

關鍵字

推廣股長；人格特質；工作輪調；產出距離函數；共同邊界模型

並列摘要

This study conducted a questionnaire survey of the general managers and extension managers of farmers' associations in Taiwan. We collected data on the personality traits, job rotation, and tenure of extension managers and examined the proportion of fixed assets being utilized in extension departments. We adopted the metafrontier model based on output distance function to evaluate the technical efficiencies of 192 extension departments of Taiwan's farmers' associations over the period of 2009-2011. Empirical findings were as follows: Firstly, it is shown that some of the manager personality traits are significantly related to the technical inefficiency of extension departments. Besides, managers with more often job rotation experiences prior to get the manager position, or with less job rotations after becoming the manager, would help to upgrade the performances of extension departments. Secondly, the average meta-technical efficiency for the whole sample is 0.6007, in which the average efficiency score of rural farmers' associations was significantly higher than those of urban and mixed-type farmers' associations. With a mean of 0.7458, the technology gap ratio of rural farmers' associations was significantly higher than that of urban farmers' associations. Furthermore, both of the meta-technical efficiency and technology gap ratio have deteriorated gradually. Lastly, for the inefficient farmers' associations, increase their outputs, in particular the revenues from projects, would benefit to enhance the efficiencies of the extension departments.