平腹小蜂（膜翅目：旋小蜂科）對殺蟲劑殘留毒性之感受性評估

Toxicity of Pesticides Residues to Anastatus japonicus (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae), an Egg Parasitoid of the Litchi Stink Bug Tessaratoma papillosa

吳怡慧(Yi-Hui Wu) ； 李世仰(Shih-Yang Lee) ； 曾喜育(Hsy-Yu Tzeng) ； 莊益源(Yi-Yu Chuang)

《農林學報》 68卷1期 (2021/03) Pp. 1-10

https://doi.org/10.30089/JAF.202103_68(1).0001

摘要

本研究分別以蓖麻蠶（Samia cynthia（Drury））及柞蠶（Antheraea pernyi（Guérin-Méneville））的卵作為替代寄主，繼代繁殖平腹小蜂（Anastatus japonicus Ashmead）後，測試施用第滅寧（deltamethrin）、亞滅培（acetamiprid）、賽洛寧（lambda-cyhalothrin）及丁基加保扶（carbosulfan）等4種殺蟲劑，殘留毒性對此2種替代寄主羽化的小蜂造成的致死影響，結果顯示來自2種寄主飼育之小蜂對此4種殺蟲劑的殘毒感受性相似，但施用丁基加保扶後的殘毒會產生較高的致死反應，與其它殺蟲劑間均呈顯著差異，殘毒強度依序為賽洛寧及亞滅培，而以第滅寧造成的死亡率最低。此外，雌小蜂產卵在荔枝椿象卵內，其子代幼蟲或蛹期的發育階段，施用上述四種殺蟲劑後，均不會影響子代小蜂的羽化，平均羽化率與無施藥對照組間無顯著差異。4種殺蟲劑施用在荔枝椿象卵殼外，亦不會影響其若蟲的孵化。田間試驗結果顯示釋放平腹小蜂後，荔枝椿象卵片遭到寄生的最高比率為第18日的52.5%，此等卵片中寄生蜂子代羽化率最高為第21日的53.4%，但與其他釋放後天數間均無顯著差異。本試驗結果建議可選擇對平腹小蜂殘毒較低之殺蟲劑，如亞滅培及第滅寧等2種殺蟲劑，並於施藥14天後，再進行小蜂的田間釋放作業，可減輕殺蟲劑施用後可能對小蜂造成的干擾；而釋放小蜂後如需再配合化學防治，考量寄生蜂壽命及其寄生效能，則建議小蜂釋放21日後，再行配合化學防治施用，達到綜合應用寄生蜂與化學防治的效果。

關鍵字

平腹小蜂 ； 殺蟲劑 ； 殘留毒性

並列摘要

We tested the residual toxicity of four pesticides (deltamethrin, acetamiprid, lambda-cyhalothrin and carbosulfan) to an egg parasitoid, Anastatus japonicus Ashmead reared from two alternate hosts (Samia cynthia (Drury) and Antheraea pernyi (Guérin-Méneville)) in this study. The egg parasitoids from different hosts showed a similar susceptibility level to the four pesticides, with carbosulfan and deltamethrin inducing the highest mortality and lowest mortality, respectively. Both emergence rate of A. japonicus exposed to pesticides during two stages (larval and pupal) and hatching rate of litchi stink bug were not significantly different from those of control groups. In field trials, the parasitism rate of litchi stink bug egg masses by A. japonicus peaked at day 18 after release (52.5%), whereas the highest emergence rate of parasitized egg was observed at day 21 after release (53.4%), although there was no significant difference in both metrics among different days after release. These results suggest that using low-toxicity pesticides such as acetamiprid or deltamethrin 14 days after the parasitoid release may reduce the effect of the pesticides on the parasitoids. Considering the parasitism efficacy of parasitoid, we recommend pesticide application should after parasitoids release at least 21 days as to maximize the control efficacy and efficiency while maintaining the synergy of biological control and chemical control.

並列關鍵字

Anastatus japonicus ； pesticides ； residual toxicity