甜椒低溫預處理花蕾與花蕾長度對花藥培養胚分化之影響

番椒（Capsicum annuum L.）是重要之茄科蔬菜，利用小孢子或花藥體外（In vitro）培養技術培育單倍體（haploid），並藉由自發性或人為染色體倍加技術後形成之雙單倍體（doubled haploid, DH），可作為生產F_1純系親本之用，大幅提高育種效率並縮短其時程。In vitro雙單倍體的育成受幾個重要因素影響：包括雄配子發育階段、逆境處理、培養基及品種基因型等。本研究以10個甜椒栽培種進行試驗比較4℃低溫預處理花蕾24 h或48 h，對誘導花藥培養胚分化之影響，結果顯示，4℃低溫預處理花蕾可提高花藥培養之胚分化率，但不同栽培種對低溫預處理花蕾所需之時間不相同，其中農友‘綠王星＇花蕾以4℃處理24 h，每個花藥可獲得8.3%胚分化率顯著高於其他栽培種。進一步將農友‘綠王星＇花蕾長度0.5 mm為一分級，比較花蕾長度在5.00-6.99 mm之間的花藥培養對胚分化之影響，結果顯示取自5.00-5.99 mm花蕾中的花藥具有較高之胚分化率，但4個花蕾長度分級處理間之分化率的差異並不顯著。

關鍵字

番椒；低溫預處理；花藥培養；雙單倍體；單倍體

並列摘要

Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the important Solanaceae vegetables. Doubled haploid (DH) derived from anther or microspore culture after spontaneous or artificial chromosome doubling of haploid could be used as the pure parental lines to produce F_1 seeds. The production of the DH has potential to increase the F_1 breeding efficiency as well as to shorten the breeding course of the pepper. However, a successful in vitro DH production is affected by several important factors, including: male gametophyte developmental stage, stress treatment, culture medium and genotype of variety. The effects of low temperature pretreatment in flower buds using 4°C for 24 h or 48 h on embryo induction in anther culture of 10 cultivars of sweet pepper were investigated. Our results showed that 4°C pretreated flower buds had higher embryo induction rates, however, the responses to the duration of low temperature pretreatment were various among cultivars. Among them, the highest 8.3% embryo induction rate was obtained in Known-You 'Royal Star' pretreated at 4°C for 24 h. The effect of different flower bud lengths between 5.00-6.99 mm separated by an interval of 0.5 mm on embryo induction was conducted using Known-You 'Royal Star'. Although a higher embryo induction rate was found by using 5.00-5.99 mm flower bud length, no significant difference among the four flower bud lengths was found.

並列關鍵字

Capsicum annuum L. ； cold pretreatment ； anther culture ； doubled haploid ； haploid

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