我國學校衛生之發展

the Development of school Health in Taiwan, Republic of China

黃松元(Song-Yuan Huang)

《學校衛生》 42期 (2003/06) Pp. 59-81

https://doi.org/10.30026/CJSH.200306.0003

摘要

學校衛生是維護和促進學生及教職員工身心健康的專業，也是公共衛生計畫中不可或缺的一環，因之世界各國莫不將學校衛生列為國家重要施政，積極推動各項學校衛生計畫。觀諸歷史，世界上學校衛生之發展已逾二百年，對人類健康的維護和促進，有其一定的成效和貢獻。尤其是最近二十餘年，世界衛生組織之積極倡導首督促，讓學校衛生有更長足的進步，嘉惠莘莘學子無數。為收了解過去、檢討現在，以及展望未來之效，本文就不同時期學校衛生計畫主要範疇之遞嬗；民國三十八年以降，我國學校衛生發展概況；目前我國推動健康促進學校計畫的法源和重點；依循世界衛生組織「健康促進學校計畫」之六大範疇，我國健康促進學校計畫可涵蓋之重點；以及未來的挑戰與展望等層面分別加以論述。在挑戰與展望層面，本文提出落實學校衛生法及相關法律、擴大推動學校健康促進計畫、強化學校衛生組織、充實學校衛生人力資源、寬籌學校衛生經費、編印健康促進學校工作指引、加強學校衛生專題研究、強化教師健康促進、增進學校與家庭及社區的互動，以及促進國際接軌等十大重點。這些工作若能按部就班的推動，深信一定可以改進我國學校衛生工作，進而提昇我國學校衛生的國際學術地位。

關鍵字

傳統學校衛生計畫 ； 統整性學校衛生計畫 ； 健康促進學校計畫 ； 學校衛生法 ； 國際接軌

並列摘要

School health is not only a profession for maintaining the school personnels’ health, but also an integrated aspect of a public health program. Therefore, school health has become the nation’s important policy in each country with the effort to implement different school health programs.
The development of school health in the world had been longer than 200 years which had significant effectiveness and contributions to the maintenance and promotion of mankind’s health. With the initiative and supervision of the World Health Organization, school health has been developed tremendously during the past two decades.
In order to understand the past, to review the present, and to anticipate the future, the following issues are discussed in this paper: the transition of the major components of school health programs in different phases, the development of school health in Taiwan since 1949, the legal basis and key points in implementing the health-promoting school programs in Taiwan, the major components of the health-promoting school programs in Taiwan based on the WHO’s concepts of health-promoting school, and the challenges and prospects in the future. In terms of challenges and prospects, implementing the School Health Act, promoting the School Health Promoting Programs, reinforcing the school health organizations, empowering the school health personnels, raising the budget for school health programs, publishing the health-promoting school guidelines, improving academic researches in school health, reinforcing health promotion for faculty and staff members, improving the interaction among the school, family and community, and promoting the international linkage with other countries, international organizations and nongovernmental organization (NGOs) in the field of school health are dercribed and recommended. By implementing those programs, school health in Taiwan will be improved signicantly. In advance, the status of school health in Taiwan in the World will be upgraded a lot.

並列關鍵字

Traditional School Health Programs ； Coordinated School Health Programs ； Health-promoting School Programs ； School Health Act ； international linkage

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