亦詩亦史：描述新加坡日佔時期的舊體詩集《血海》

Sea of Blood: A Classical-Style Chinese Poetry Collection about the Japanese Occupation in Singapore

林立(Lam Lap)

《清華學報》 47卷3期 (2017/09) Pp. 547-589

https://doi.org/10.6503/THJCS.2017.47(3).04

摘要

日軍佔領新加坡之初，進行全城大檢證，屠殺了至少二萬五千名新加坡華僑。嗣後又推出連串奴化、高壓政策，新加坡人民惶恐終日，加以物資匱乏、糧食短缺，生活極為艱苦。謝松山所著的舊體詩集《血海》，以紀事手法，附以詳盡的注文，紀述了日軍在檢證大屠殺中所犯的滔天罪行，以及日佔時期的種種社會怪象和民不聊生的情況。此書在四、五十年代曾先後在三種不同的出版媒體上發表，標題亦有大幅改動。筆者試圖探索這些標題變換所蘊含的意旨，並透過對《血海》的解讀和有關的史籍、報章材料的對照，從「詩史」研究、創傷回憶的角度，審視該書所涉及的詩與史之間的關係，以及它如何勾起當時新加坡華人慘痛的集體記憶。

關鍵字

新加坡日佔時期 ； 檢證大屠殺 ； 創傷記憶 ； 詩史傳統 ； 《血海》 ； 謝松山

並列摘要

In the horrible Sook Ching Massacre, at least twenty-five thousand Singaporean Chinese were slaughtered. Afterward, the Japanese army administration implemented a series of highhanded measures to extort wealth and resources from the Chinese, who, with other ethnic groups, lived in extreme poverty, fear and hunger in this darkest age of Singapore history. Sea of Blood is a collection of classical-style Chinese poetry with detailed narrative notes that remembers the Sook Ching Massacre and the various social and economic vices in the Syonan years. From 1946 to 1950, the author Xie Songshan 謝松山 published the book in three different forms and also changed the title significantly. In this article, I attempt to explicate the meaning behind the title change and the traumatic collective memories of Singaporean Chinese evoked by this collection and to examine the relation between history, memories, and poetry writing by comparing the content of the book and other historical records, especially those in newspapers.

並列關鍵字

Japanese Occupation of Singapore ； Sook Ching Massacre ； traumatic memories ； tradition of poetic-history ； Sea of Blood ； Xie Songshan 謝松山

參考文獻

高嘉謙Ko Chia-cian，〈帝國、斯文、風土：論駐新使節左秉隆、黃遵憲與馬華文學〉“Diguo, siwen, fengtu: lun zhuxin shijie Zuo Binglong, Huang Zunxian yu Mahua wenxue”，《臺大中文學報》Taida zhongwen xuebao，32，臺北Taipei：2010，頁359-397。

黃錦樹 Ng Kim Chew，〈過客詩人的南洋色彩贅論──以康有為等為例〉“Guoke shiren de nanyang secai zhuilun: yi Kang Youwei deng weili”，《海洋文化學刊》Haiyang wenhua xuekan，4，基隆 Keelung：2008，頁1-24。

蔡英俊Tsai Ying-chun，〈詩歌與歷史：論詩史的歷史成分及其敘述的轉向〉“Shige yu lishi: lun shishi de lishi chengfen ji qi xushu de zhuanxiang”，《清華中文學報》Qinghua zhongwen xuebao，3，新竹 Hsinchu：2009，頁239-272。

The Straits Times (Singapore), March to April, 1947.

Casey, Edward S. Remembering: A Phenomenological Study. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2000.