音譯而來的知識：《西洋藥書》中的eliksir藥露

《西洋藥書》據傳是傳教士白晉（Joachim Bouvet, 1656－1730）與張誠（Jean-François Gerbillon, 1654－1707）的滿文作品。受限於語言條件，過往難以完善分析該書。本文藉音譯詞彙論其知識引介策略。該書音譯詞集中於eliksir藥方，本文逐一還原其詞彙來源，發現其藥效、原料與行文能與白晉參考的《王家蓋倫暨化學藥典》對應，且eliksir藥方是根據西方的醫理撰寫，只是該書著重於引介藥效而未提相關醫理。另可推斷《西洋藥書》的書寫者以法文口音讀唸拉丁文，且傳教士不欲將elixir對接上中國的長生不老藥。該藥所在之篇章可能是精心設計的計畫書，傳教士特意從歐洲藥典挑選此著名藥物，藉音譯引起康熙帝的好奇與興趣，但藥物不一定曾實際製成。音譯策略有助於法國耶穌會士贏得競爭，但在知識交流上則可能成效有限。

關鍵字

《西洋藥書》；音譯；《格體全錄》；《王家蓋倫暨化學藥典》；知識引介策略

並列摘要

The Manchu edition of Si yang-ni okto-i bithe 西洋藥書 (the Book of Western Medicine) was supposedly written by the missionaries Joachim Bouvet (1656-1730) and Jean-François Gerbillon (1654-1707) during Kangxi's 康熙 reign. Limited by their language capabilities, it was difficult for scholars in the past to know what knowledge the book introduced and whether or not it was Western knowledge. This article analyzes transliterated vocabularies in the work to explore its strategies for introducing knowledge. Most of these vocabularies are found in prescription formulas called eliksir. Tracing the sources of these vocabularies one by one, this article finds that the eliksir formula's effects, ingredients, and writing styles correspond to those used in European pharmacopoeia such as The Royal Pharmacopœa, Galenical and Chymical referenced by Bouvet. Moreover, these formulas were based on Western pharmacology, but the book introduces medicinal effects without mentioning related pharmacological knowledge. Accordingly, it can be speculated that the author of the Book of Western Medicine read Latin with a French accent, and that the Jesuits did not want to link the elixirs to China's immortality medicines. These formulas may have been a carefully designed proposal, where the Jesuits deliberately selected famous medicines from European pharmacopeias to arouse the curiosity and interest of Emperor Kangxi; however, the medicines may not have been actually produced. The transliteration strategy may have helped French Jesuits emerge victorious in their competition with Portuguese Jesuits, but its effectiveness in the exchange of knowledge may have been limited.

並列關鍵字

Si yang-ni okto-i bithe 西洋藥書； transliteration ； Ge ti ciowan lu bithe 格體全錄； The Royal Pharmacopœa ； Galenical and Chymical ； strategies for introducing knowledge

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