台灣具翅散殖體植物分類研究

Study on the Winged Disseminules of Plants in Taiwan

楊勝任(Sheng-Zehn Yang) ； 陳心怡(Sin-I Chen)

《中華林學季刊》 37卷1期 (2004/03) Pp. 1-28

https://doi.org/10.30064/QJCF.200403.0001

摘要

本文統計結果得知台灣具翅果實共29科50屬108種，固有種共23種，依果實翅狀物來源與特徵分為假翅果、翅狀胞果、聚合翅果、分離翅果、頂生翅果、環生翅果、具翅莢果、具翅蒴果、聚合蓇葖果與具翅瘦果等10大類。本文並製作63種具翅果實的不齊頭檢索表供鑑定之用。歸納台灣具翅散殖體植物共56科118屬208種，約佔台灣維管束植物的5%左右。其中，茄科、梧桐科與薯蕷科科內同時擁有具翅果實及具翅種子。具翅散殖體可分為立體翅與平面翅，平面翅分雙翅、側生翅、頂生翅與環生翅。具翅果實與種子皆以環生翅居多，而具翅種子亦具有立體翅。本研究提出肯氏南洋杉為似具翅種子。

關鍵字

具翅散殖體 ； 翅果 ； 假翅果 ； 翅狀胞果 ； 聚合翅果

並列摘要

The number of species and characteristics of winged fruits in Taiwan were investigated and described in this paper. The results showed that there were 29 families, 50 genera and 108 species, including 23 endemic species. By the modified and accrescent bract, sepal, perianth and pericarp, the winged fruits could be divided into 10 groups, i.e., pseudosamara, diclesium, samaretum, samarium, distal samara, gyroscopic samara, winged legume, winged capsule, follicarium and winged achene. The indented key to 63 winged fruits of Taiwan was made for plant identification. There are 56 families, 118 genera and 208 species of the winged disseminules in amount, accounting for about 5% of vascular plants in Taiwan. Among them, Solanaceae, Sterculiaceae and Dioscoreaceae contain both the winged fruits and seeds. Two, three or more dimensions of wings were identified from the 154 winged disseminules, in which two dimensions include dipterous, monopterous, lateral wing, and pteripterous. Most winged fruits and winged seeds were under the category of pteripterous and winged seeds also contained three dimensions of wings. This study also suggested that Araucaria cunninghamii might be called pseudo-winged seed.

並列關鍵字

winged disseminules ； samara ； pseudosamara ； diclesium ； samaretum