- 期刊
臺灣地區國有林森林火之特性分析
Analysis of Forest Fires in Taiwan National Forests
摘要
本研究之目的為整理與分析臺灣地區國有林森林火之歷史及特性，以了解近半世紀以來之森林火現象，作為未來防救措施擬定之參考。蒐集林務局所紀錄的森林火檔案擷取發生於國有林之紀錄，自1963年至2004年共1,454筆，依紀錄內容整理分析。結果顯示，就森林火發生頻度而言，國有林過去42年之森林火以20年間隔呈現兩個週期之波動現象，自1963年逐漸下降至1991年起進入另一週期，目前呈現森林火頻度上升之趨勢。國有林火燒季節為冬末至春末，以三月為最高峰。南部的兩個林區（嘉義與屏東林區）發生森林火較多，各事業區中以埔里、大埔、旗山、恆春及大甲溪事業區為森林火頻繁的地區。國有林大部分是燃燒面積在5 ha以下之小型森林火，但燃燒超過100 ha的大型火亦有80次之多。大部份國有林的森林火是人為因素引起，1977年以前發生原因以墾殖為主，但1991年之後縱火現象明顯增加，此一現象背後之社會成因值得待續探討。
並列摘要
The major purpose of this study was to analyze forest fire history and characteristics of Taiwan National Forests in order to serve as guidelines for fire policy making and fire suppression practice in Taiwan. All the 1,454 fire records, dated back to 1963-2004, were obtained from the forest fire summary reports of Taiwan Forest Bureau. Results indicate that, in light of fire frequency, there were 2 20-year cycles in this 4-decade duration. Plummeted from peak level in 1963, annual fire frequencies fluctuated below 50 during 1970's and 1980's, while started to soar dramatically around 1991. However, it is especially of concern that there was no noticeable sign of leveling off in this upward trend. Fire seasons in Taiwan stretched from December to May, with peak season in March. The most fire-prone areas were Chaiyi and Pintung National Forest Districts in the southern part of Taiwan. Among the 37 National Forest Working Circles, Puli, Dapu, Chisan, and Dajashi were the 5 working circles that were most susceptible to forest fires. As to burned area, more than 58% of the fires were of small scales, with burned areas less than 5 ha; however, only 80 out of 1,454 forest fires each consumed more than 100 ha separately. The majority of forest fires in Taiwan National Forests were human-caused fires. Agricultural cultivation contributed to most fires before 1991, however, arson has increased considerably since 1977 which demands further investigation based on socio-economic factors.