- 期刊
太魯閣國家公園西寶松莊社區永續發展策略分析
Strategic Analysis for Sustainable Development of the Sibao Farm Community in the Taroko National Park
摘要
西寶松莊社區位於太魯閣國家公園範圍內，長期以種高山蔬菜為主要經濟來源，最近我國加入WTO，在經濟上對農業衝擊極大，此一困境促使居民積極力求轉型。由於西寶地區經太魯閣國家公園計畫第二次通盤檢討已由特別景觀區變更為一般管制區，在土地使用上賦予地區性較大的彈性，然而在國家公園自然保育為基礎點的前提下，加強政府機關與社區居民良性互動，協助凝聚社區居民共識，讓社區產業順利轉型，朝向生態旅遊方向發展。本研究之目的即先行利用參與式地方評價(PLA)的方法，對當地民眾進行問卷調查，配合主成分分析，凝聚地方居民對西寶社區產業永續發展的共識，再使用SWOT矩陣分析法，設計專家問卷並進行調查，配合模糊德爾非(Fuzzy Delphi)法與TOWS矩陣分析法，重新建立居民人、文、地、景、產永續發展的新思維。分析西寶松莊社區產業競爭效果，並嘗試探討產業轉型為生態旅遊社區之競爭力，藉以研擬各項發展策略之優先順序。本研究主要研究結果顯示：(1)在結合優勢與機會之發展策略中，應朝向設置人文及自然生態資料展示場，建立西寶社區自然生態保育景點及生態教育旅遊區並配合太魯閣國家公園管理處積極進行地景保護、動植物保育等遊憩發展管理措施。(2)在改善弱勢掌握機會之發展策略中，應朝向進行承載量管制研究，借重西寶國小環境教育之專業，整合生態解說，彙整產業資訊並根據生態產業發展目標對西寶地區進行保育、整合及細部計畫。(3)在發揮優勢避免威脅之發展策略中，應朝向針對遊客之特性進行調查評估，瞭解遊憩需求並落實國家公園法，擬定管理及發展特色計劃，有效管制與管理本區資源。(4)在改善弱勢避免威脅之發展策略中，應朝向專責管理機構。搭配天祥地區，文山溫泉，西寶國小，建立整體生態旅遊行銷計劃，建立生態旅遊服務中心，提供導覽、解說員、生態教育等展示。
並列摘要
The Sibao Farm community is the earliest mountain farm located within Taroko National Park. For decades, high altitude vegetable plantation was the major income source for this community. However, Taiwan's recent accession to the WTO has significantly affected the farming business in the Sibao Farm, and has forced the residents to search for alternatives. Following a second review of the zoning plans for the Sibao area, it was reclassified from a special scenic area to a general scenic area, which allowed for greater flexibility in land usage. Consequently, for the successful conversion of the agricultural business model in the community to an ecotourism business model, there is a need for better cooperation between government organizations and the residents, in order to strengthen ecological conservation initiatives and help the residents come to a consensus. This study firstly employed a Participatory Local Appraisal (PLA) to consolidate the opinions of the local residents by questionnaires regarding the sustainable development of Sibao community. Then, SWOT, expert judgment survey by Fuzzy Delphi methods and TOWS matrix analysis were conducted to reconstruct synergistic concepts for culture, geography, landscape and entrepreneurship in the community, thereby manifesting the vitality of the precinct, and promoting the sustainable development of the community and national parks. Based on an analysis of the competitiveness of the Sibao area, the priorities for the developmental strategies were established. Major results of this study are as follows: (1). The strength-opportunities strategies include establishing a cultural and ecological exhibition center, developing ecological conservation scenic spots and tourism areas for ecological education, and collaborating with the Taroko National Park Administration to implement administrative measures for landscape protection, flora and fauna conservation and tourism promotion. (2). The weakness-opportunities strategies include investigating the carrying capacity administration through the relevant expertise of the Sibao elementary school, and formulating conservation-focused, integrated and detailed plans for the Sibao area based on the integrated business data and the eco-business development objectives. (3). The strength-threats strategies include an evaluation of the profile and needs of tourists, and formulating a development plan according to the National Parks Law to effectively manage the local resources. (4). The weakness-threats strategies include setting up a special administration to formulate an integrated eco-tourism marketing plan in conjunction with the Tien-Shian area, Wen-Shan hot springs and Sibao Elementary School, and to establish an eco-tourism service center to provide tour guides, narrators and eco-education exhibitions.