溫度及pH對臺灣塊菌與印度塊菌菌落在洋菜培養基上生長之效應

Effects of Temperature and pH on the Colony Growth of Tuber Formosanum Hu and Tuber Indicum Cook & Massee in Agar Medium

胡弘道(Hung-Tao Hu) ； 王亞男(Ya-Nan Wang) ； 劉啟福(Chii-Fuw Liou)

《中華林學季刊》 41卷1期 (2008/03) Pp. 43-58

https://doi.org/10.30064/QJCF.200803.0004

摘要

臺灣塊菌(Tuber formosanum)是臺灣原生塊菌與青剛櫟(Cyclobalanopsis glauca)共生之菌種，印度塊菌(Tuber indicum)是中國雲南、四川地區廣泛分佈之菌種，2種塊菌子囊果(ascocarps)在外部形態及產孢組織(gleba)頗相似。本研究為了解其在洋菜培養基最適菌落(colonization)生長之溫度及pH，以6種溫度及3種pH值處理，採完全逢機複因子試驗設計，於YpSs洋菜培養基中確定其對菌落生長之效應。結果顯示：不同溫度對臺灣塊菌與印度塊菌之菌落生長皆呈極顯著差異，且最佳溫度皆為25℃，最差者皆為33℃；不同pH值對臺灣塊菌菌落之生長呈顯著或不顯著差異，以pH 6生長最佳，pH 7最差；不同pH值對印度塊菌在相同溫度下之菌落生長則不呈顯著差異；溫度及pH值對臺灣塊菌及印度塊菌菌落生長之交感效應皆不呈顯著差異。兩菌種於不同溫度及pH值之菌落生長，菌種間互呈極顯著差異；菌種間各溫度在所有pH值之平均菌落生長皆呈極顯著差異，而各pH值在所有溫度之平均菌落生長呈顯著差異；菌種間與溫度之交感效應呈極顯著差異，印度塊菌除了於10℃及33℃時，菌落生長較臺灣塊菌差以外，其他溫度之生長皆優於臺灣塊菌。
臺灣塊菌與印度塊菌在洋菜培養基中，最適宜之生長溫度為20~25℃，pH值為6左右，如此之條件應適合於臺灣海拔800~1500公尺區域之石灰質土壤生育地生長。

關鍵字

臺灣塊菌 ； 印度塊菌 ； 青剛櫟 ； 溫度 ； pH ； 菌落生長 ； 外生菌根 ； 塊菌

並列摘要

Tuber formosanum is an endemic truffle and symbiosed on Cycobalanopsis glauca of Taiwan. Tuber indicum is a widespread truffle species in Yuannan and Szchuan province in China. The external morphology and gleba of ascocarps are very similar to T. formosanum and T. indicum. To understand the best colonization growth conditions in agar medium, six different temperatures and three different pH were dealt with completely random complex factor design in this research. We confirmed that the colony growth effects in the YpSs argar medium. Different temperature has very significant effect on the colony growth of T. formosanum and T. indicum, The best temperature was 25℃, while the worst was 33℃.
The best pH for the colony growth of T. formosanum was 6, while the worst pH was 7. Different pH treatments at the same temperature showed no significant difference on T. indicum. The interactive effects of temperature and pH on the colony growth showed no significant difference for both T. formosanum and T. indicum.
The interspecific colony growth of T. formosanum and T. indicum showed the most significant difference in different temperatures and pH treatments. There were very significant difference on the whole pH average colony growth at different temperatures, but only showed significant difference on the whole temperature average colony growth in different pH treatments. The interactive effects between truffles and temperatures showed very significant difference. The colony growth of T. indicum was better than T. formosanum at different temperature treatments except 10℃ and 33℃.
The best colony growth conditions of T. formosanum and T. indicum in agar medium was between 20℃ and 25℃ and with pH 6. According to this condition, T. formosanum and T. indicum supposely can grow in a lime-soil habitat between the altitude range from 800m to 1500m in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

Tuber formosanum ； Tuber indicum ； Cyclobalanopsis glauca ； Temperature ； pH ； Colony growth ； Ectomycorrhiza ； Truffles