生長在不同光度及施肥量下闊葉樹苗木之光合作用及葉綠素螢光表現

Photosynthesis and Chlorophyll Fluorescence of Broad-Leaved Tree Seedlings Grown Under Various Light Intensities and Fertilizer Levels

游智偉(Chih-Wei Yu) ； 劉興旺(Shing-Wang Liou) ； 楊正釧(Jeng-Chuann Yang) ； 郭幸榮(Shing-Rong Kuo)

《中華林學季刊》 42卷2期 (2009/06) Pp. 267-282

https://doi.org/10.30064/QJCF.200906.0007

摘要

本試驗將4種臺灣原生闊葉樹種三鬥石櫟、青剛櫟、狹葉櫟及樟樹之一年生苗木在不同光度及施肥量下培育，檢測其光合作用能力及螢光特性，以供為生理生態相關研究或育林實務之參考。試驗由3種相對光環境10%、50%及全光(100%)與2種施肥量氮：磷：鉀各為200:100:100及500:250:250 kg/ha/yr組成。試驗處理自2004年6月至2005年11月在溪頭苗圃進行，測量其光合作用及螢光反應各參數。結果顯示：狹葉櫟的光量子效益(Qy)在中光度50%下生長者為最高，其餘3樹種在光度處理間無顯著差異。除了狹葉櫟之暗呼吸速率(Rd)及樟樹之光補償點(LCP)之外，其他樹種這二項參數皆隨生長環境光度之上昇而顯著增加。三鬥石櫟最大光合速率(A(下標 max))以強光下生長者最高，但與中光度間差異不顯著；青剛櫟以在中、弱光度者最高，在強光下反而最低。青剛櫟與樟樹的光合系統Ⅱ最大效率(Fv/Fm)於強光下生長者最低。光合系統II在光適應後之光化學效率(Fv'/Fm')及光合系統II之實際光化學效率(Φ(下標 PSII))在青剛櫟與樟樹二樹種以強光下生長者為小，狹葉櫟Φ(下標 PSII)以全光下較大，三鬥石櫟Fv'/Fm'則於中光及弱光度下表現較佳。在光化學消散效率(q(下標 P))而言，除青剛櫟與樟樹在有遮蔭時較高，全光下最小；其他樹種皆隨環境光度提高而升高。非光化學消散(NPQ)除狹葉櫟外，其他樹種皆隨環境光度提高而升高｡施肥量僅對樟樹LCP、Fv'/Fm'及NPQ參數有顯著效應。

關鍵字

淨光合速率 ； 氣孔導度 ； 光合系統Ⅱ之實際光化學效率 ； 光合系統II之最大效率 ； 非光化學消散 ； 光化學消散效率

並列摘要

The objectives of this study were aimed to observe the photosynthetic performance and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of four Taiwan native broad-leaved tree species, Nanban tanoak (Pasania ternaticupula), Ring-cupped oak (Cyclobalanopsis glauca), Arisan oak (Cyclobalanopsis stenophylloides) and Camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora), grown under different light intensities combined with two fertilizer levels. These results would be useful to other ecophysiological researches and silvicultural operations. The seedlings were cultivated at Sitou nursery in central Taiwan from June 2004 to November 2005. Under three light intensities, 10%, 50% and full sunlight (100%), and combined with two fertilizer levels, N:P:K=200:100:100 kg/ha/yr and 500:250:250 kg/ha/yr. Results showed that the quantum yield (Qy) of Arisan oak was highest in the seedlings grown under 50% light intensity and there was no difference among three light intensities in the other three species. The dark respiration (Rd) and light compensation point (LCP) of all four species were increased with the increasing light intensities except the Rd of Arisan oak and LCP of Camphor tree. The maximal net photosynthetic rate (A(subscript max)) of Nanban tanoak was highest in the seedlings grown under full sunlight, but was not significantly higher than 50% light intensity. A(subscript max) of Ring-cupped oak was higher in 10% and 50% sunlight and lower in full sunlight. The maximum photosystem II efficiency (Fv/Fm) of Ring-cupped oak and Camphor tree were lowest in full sunlight. The photochemical efficiency of PSII in the light-adapted state (Fv'/Fm') and the effective photochemical efficiency of PSII (Φ(subscript PSII)) of Ring-cupped oak and Camphor tree had the lowest value in full sunlight. The Φ(subscript PSII) of Arisan oak was highest in full sunlight. Nanban tanoak had better performance of Fv'/Fm' in 10 and 50% sunlight than in the full sunlight. The photochemical quenching efficiency (q(subscript P)) of Ring-cupped oak was highest in shading and lowest in full sunlight while those of the other three species were increased with light intensities. However, qP of Arison oak and Camphor tree had not significantly different between 50% and full sunlight. The non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) increased with light intensity except for Arisan oak. Fertilizer levels only affected the LCP, Fv'/Fm' and NPQ of Camphor tree significantly.

並列關鍵字

net photosynthetical rate ； stomatal conductance ； effective photochemical efficiency of PSII Φ(subscript PSII) ； maximum photosystem II efficiency Fv/Fm ； non-photochemical quenching NPQ ； photochemical quench